Phthalocyanine Conductors: New Trend for Crystal and Functionality Design

Liquid-crystalline phthalocyanine-based nanostructures

“…In recent decades, due to the development of engineering and nanotechnology, phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine based materials found a use in diverse fields, namely, in data reading and data storage devices, as semiconductors and molec ular engines [25,[88][89][90][91], in solar cells and electrochro mic and thermochromic devices [30], in solid adsorp tion-resistant gas sensors [92], in nonlinear optics [93,94], and as photodynamic reagents for cancer diagnos tics [69,[95][96][97][98]. Therefore, the requirements for Pc based materials and their properties became stricter and broader.…”

Photophysical properties of heavy atom containing tetrasulfonyl phthalocyanines as possible photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy

“…Since their discovery, due to their interesting chemical–physical properties and possible applications, phthalocyanines have been the subject of a huge number of studies 1,2 . They are usually used in different fields of modern technologies ranging from the realization of electrochromic displays 3 semiconductor devices, 4 sensors, 5 nonlinear optics, 6 liquid crystals, 7 solar cells, and 8 semiconductor materials 9 . In addition, they are used as redox systems 10 and employed as photo catalysts 11 .…”

Formation of Three-Dimensional Electronic Networks Using Axially Ligated Metal Phthalocyanines as Stable Neutral Radicals

“…Although the π-π overlaps are significantly reduced compared to those seen in M(Pc)X-type conductors having face-to-face stacking (the overlap integral of type A is about 40% of that of M(Pc)X-type conductors) [11], it is enough for electrical conduction. Consequently, a large number of molecular conducting crystals composed of M III (Pc)L 2 units were fabricated, including π-neutral radical crystals as well as crystals of highly conducting partially oxidized salts, with molecular arrangements showing the formation of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and also three-dimensional networks [12][13][14]. Although all π-neutral radical crystals composed of M III (Pc)L 2 are Mott insulators, their resistivities are relatively small.…”

“…Herein, we focused on the dimensionality of M III (Pc)L 2 crystals. It has been reported that the conductivity of M III (Pc)L 2 radical crystals tends to increase as the dimensionality of the network is increased [14]; the first example of a three-dimensional neutral radical crystal of Co III (Pc)(CN) 2 •2H 2 O exhibited a resistivity at room temperature of no more than 10 0 Ω cm with an activation energy of less than 0.1 eV [10]. However, only a few examples of three-dimensional systems exist at present [14].…”