Phthalates: Toxicology and exposure

Heudorf, U.; Mersch-Sundermann, Volker; Angerer, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.011

Cited by 1,244 publications

(769 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…DEP is mainly used in cosmetics and personal care products (Heudorf et al 2007), and the questionnaire data confirmed the assumption that the mothers used personal care products and cosmetics more frequently compared to their children. Although MEP was detected in the urine samples of the mothers, the geometric mean was almost fivefold lower than the US value for females, 2009-2010 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Exley

Aerts

Biot

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Exposure to a number of environmental chemicals in UK mothers and children has been assessed as part of the European biomonitoring pilot study, Demonstration of a Study to Coordinate and Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale (DEMOCOPHES). For the Europeanfunded project, 17 countries tested the biomonitoring guidelines and protocols developed by COPHES. The results from the pilot study in the UK are presented; 21 school children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers provided hair samples to measure mercury and urine samples, to measure cadmium, cotinine and several phthalate metabolites: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (5OH-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxoh e x y l ) p h t h a l a t e ( 5 o x o -M E H P ) a n d m o n o ( 2 -ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). Questionnaire data was collected on environment, health and lifestyle. Mercury in hair was higher in children who reported frequent consumption of fish (geometric mean 0.35 μg/g) compared to those that ate fish less frequently (0.13 μg/g, p=0.002).Cadmium accumulates with age as demonstrated by higher levels of urinary cadmium in the mothers (geometric mean 0.24 μg/L) than in the children(0.14 μg/L). None of the mothers reported being regular smokers, and this was evident with extremely low levels of cotinine measured (maximum value 3.6 μg/L in mothers, 2.4 μg/L in children). Very low levels of the phthalate metabolites were also measured in both mothers and children (geometric means in mothers: 5OH-Responsible editor:

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Exley

Aerts

Biot

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Sources of phthalate exposure include the workplace, diet, off-the-job activities, personal care products, and other home or environmental sources. Phthalates have been evaluated as possible reproductive and developmental toxicants in animals and humans (Hauser and Calafat, 2005;Latini, 2005;Heudorf et al, 2007;Matsumoto et al, 2008) and may also have a function in respiratory disease (Bornehag et al, 2004;Hoppin et al, 2004;Jaakkola and Knight, 2008;Kolarik et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated daily intake of phthalates in occupationally exposed groups

Hines

Hopf

Deddens

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Improved analytical methods for measuring urinary phthalate metabolites have resulted in biomarker-based estimates of phthalate daily intake for the general population, but not for occupationally exposed groups. In 2003-2005, we recruited 156 workers from eight industries where materials containing diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were used as part of the worker's regular job duties. Phthalate metabolite concentrations measured in the workers' end-shift urine samples were used in a simple pharmacokinetic model to estimate phthalate daily intake. DEHP intake estimates based on three DEHP metabolites combined were 0.6-850 mg/kg/day, with the two highest geometric mean (GM) intakes in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film manufacturing (17 mg/kg/day) and PVC compounding (12 mg/kg/day). All industries, except phthalate manufacturing, had some workers whose DEHP exposure exceeded the U.S. reference dose (RfD) of 20 mg/kg/day. A few workers also exceeded the DEHP European tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 mg/kg/day. DEP intake estimates were 0.5-170 mg/kg/day, with the highest GM in phthalate manufacturing (27 mg/kg/day). DBP intake estimates were 0.1-76 mg/kg/day, with the highest GMs in rubber gasket and in phthalate manufacturing (17 mg/kg/day, each). No DEP or DBP intake estimates exceeded their respective RfDs. The DBP TDI (10 mg/kg/day) was exceeded in three rubber industries and in phthalate manufacturing. These intake estimates are subject to several uncertainties; however, an occupational contribution to phthalate daily intake is clearly indicated in some industries.

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“…Since phthalates are not chemically bound to the products, they can leak, migrate or evaporate mostly from PVCcontaining goods, resulting in significant environmental contamination [3] and human exposure [4][5][6][7]. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used congener for which dietary exposure (food processing, packaging) likely represents the main source of contamination for the general population [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) activates the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR): A novel signalling pathway sensitive to phthalates

Eveillard¹,

Mselli-Lakhal²,

Mogha³

et al. 2009

Biochemical Pharmacology

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To cite this version:Alexandre Eveillard, Laïla Mselli-Lakhal, Ariane Mogha, Frédéric Lasserre, Arnaud Polizzi, et al.. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) activates the Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR): a novel signalling pathway sensitive to phthalates. Biochemical Pharmacology, Elsevier, 2009, 77 (11) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 This finding demonstrates that CAR also represents a transcriptional regulator sensitive to phthalates. CAR-mediated effects of DEHP provide a new rationale for most endpoints of phthalates toxicity described previously, including endocrine disruption, hepatocarcinogenesis and the metabolic syndrome.

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Phthalates: Toxicology and exposure

Cited by 1,244 publications

References 42 publications

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

Estimated daily intake of phthalates in occupationally exposed groups

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) activates the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR): A novel signalling pathway sensitive to phthalates

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