Phthalates in beverages - A review

Horák, Tomáš; Olšovská, Jana

doi:10.18832/kp2019.66.264

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is why they end up in food and beverages. It is clear that phthalates can end up in beer from raw materials, containers, and processing equipment, but they can also be released from plastic materials that are in a direct contact with beer [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on Phthalates in Beer Packaged in Aluminum Cans, PET and Glass Bottles

et al. 2023

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Phthalates are known as endocrine disruptors and are common in plastic polymers, varnishes, and printing inks. However, they most often enter the human body through food. Plastic materials that hold food contain different chemicals, and phthalates are one of them. Phthalates can also be found in microplastics since microplastic particles serve as a vector for different chemicals that can be slowly released into food and beverages. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the concentration and types of phthalates (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl-phthalate) in beer packaged in aluminum cans, PET, and glass bottles. Ten aluminum-canned beers, sixteen PET-packaged, and eighteen glass-bottled beers were bought at a local food store and subjected to GC–MS analysis to quantify and qualify phthalates. The results indicate that PET-packaged beers can contain significant amounts of phthalates; in sample P10, the total sum of phthalates reached 219.82 µg/L. Especially high concentrations of dibutyl phthalate were found in all samples, but the highest concentration was detected in sample P13 at 92.17 µg/L. However, canned beers showed even higher levels of certain phthalates, such as bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which amounted to 326.81 µg/L in sample C1. In short, phthalates pose a serious health-concerning problem and should be regarded as such.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to keep the color and scent of various products, phthalates of lower molecular weight (diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate) are added as solvents. Phthalates of higher molecular weight, such as bis (1-ethylhexyl) phthalate, are added to soften PVC products [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Phthalates in Beer Packaged in Aluminum Cans, PET and Glass Bottles

et al. 2023

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“…One of the reasons why phthalates are easily released and end up in contact environments is that they are physically, not covalently, bound to a polymer chain [27]. Phthalates do not enter food, including fish and fish products, only the contact materials in which they are packaged but also from the originating environment and the equipment with which they come into contact during processing and packaging [28]. Thus, in a study conducted in Turkey by Kiralan [7], the phthalate content of fish packaged not only in plastic but also in cans and glass materials was analyzed in order to determine which materials released the most phthalates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Packaging Material Type, Storage Time and Lipid Content on Phthalate Migration in Smoked Fish Meat

Đurić,

Kartalović,

Habschied

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The objective of this study is an investigation of the influence of six different plastic packages (polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, biodegradable high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polyamide polyethylene) on the migration of phthalate residues in smoked carp, trout and salmon stored at −18 °C for three and six months. Six phthalate residues concentrations were determined using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) migrated the most into salmon meat from PAPE packaging after six months of storage, reaching 73.77 μg/kg and 78.45 μg/kg, respectively. The highest concentrations of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) after six months of storage were present in salmon meat packed in polyamide polyethylene (253.56 μg/kg) and the lowest in carp meat packages in polypropylene (157.72 μg/kg). Phthalate residues in all the samples showed higher levels after three and six months of storage compared to the control sample. Among the investigated phthalates, polypropylene was the material with the lowest migration into fish meat. A further amount of DEHP migration in the fish was detected with a higher fat content. We acknowledge that levels of phthalates should be monitored, and research in this field should be continued, especially since there are no legal restrictions regarding the maximum level of phthalates in food.

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“…However, alcoholic beverages, especially those with a high ethyl alcohol content, may not be packaged in plastic containers, although alcoholic beverages sometimes contain high levels of PTs, especially DEHP. This may be due to the plastics and raw materials used to manufacture the product [ 171 ]. For beer and wine, phthalate contamination can come from plastic gaskets, lids, and stoppers [ 172 ], but also from tetrapacks, cans [ 173 ], and bottles, depending on how they are stored.…”

Section: Behaviour and Fate Of The Most Important Chemical Pollutants...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Chemical Pollutants Arise and Evolve in the Brewing Supply Chain: A Scoping Review

Pérez-Lucas,

Navarro,

Navarro

2024

Foods

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In this study, a critical review was carried out using the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection database to analyse the scientific literature published to date to identify lines of research and future perspectives on the presence of chemical pollutants in beer brewing. Beer is one of the world’s most popular drinks and the most consumed alcoholic beverage. However, a widespread challenge with potential implications for human and animal health is the presence of physical, chemical, and/or microbiological contaminants in beer. Biogenic amines, heavy metals, mycotoxins, nitrosamines, pesticides, acrylamide, phthalates, bisphenols, microplastics, and, to a lesser extent, hydrocarbons (aliphatic chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic), carbonyls, furan-derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trihalomethanes are the main chemical pollutants found during the beer brewing process. Pollution sources include raw materials, technological process steps, the brewery environment, and packaging materials. Different chemical pollutants have been found during the beer brewing process, from barley to beer. Brewing steps such as steeping, kilning, mashing, boiling, fermentation, and clarification are critical in reducing the levels of many of these pollutants. As a result, their residual levels are usually below the maximum levels allowed by international regulations. Therefore, this work was aimed at assessing how chemical pollutants appear and evolve in the brewing process, according to research developed in the last few decades.

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Phthalates in beverages - A review

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Survey on Phthalates in Beer Packaged in Aluminum Cans, PET and Glass Bottles

Survey on Phthalates in Beer Packaged in Aluminum Cans, PET and Glass Bottles

Effects of Packaging Material Type, Storage Time and Lipid Content on Phthalate Migration in Smoked Fish Meat

Understanding How Chemical Pollutants Arise and Evolve in the Brewing Supply Chain: A Scoping Review

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