Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in highly acidic juice packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container: Occurrence, migration and estrogenic activity-associated risk assessment

Arfaeinia, Leila; Dobaradaran, Sina; Nasrzadeh, Farzaneh; Shamsi, Shiva; Poureshgh, Yousef; Arfaeinia, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.104719

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Food contaminants can also occur with the migration of PAEs from packaging to food. In that sense, Arfaeinia et al [ 77 ] investigated the levels of these target compounds in acidic juices. The results showed that DEHP and DnBP were the major compounds identified with the median values of 8.1 and 6.8 µg/L, 10.5 and 7.2 µg/L, and 9.8 and 6.7 µg/ L, in lemon juice, vinegar, and verjuice, respectively.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that DEHP and DnBP were the major compounds identified with the median values of 8.1 and 6.8 µg/L, 10.5 and 7.2 µg/L, and 9.8 and 6.7 µg/ L, in lemon juice, vinegar, and verjuice, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the migration level is higher in PET containers than in glass containers, which indicates that the migration from the wall of the plastic containers to its contents was accelerated at high storage temperatures [ 77 ]. On the other hand, the presence of PAEs in glass containers could result from the other processing steps (e.g., storage tanks, filtration steps, and cap-sealing).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes the extraction techniques adopted in the last three years to analyze PAEs in environmental and food matrices. It is possible to observe that the most common extraction techniques used to extract phthalates from environmental and food samples are LLE [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 99 , 104 , 106 , 109 , 110 , 112 ], SPME [ 60 , 69 , 81 , 82 , 92 , 93 , 115 ], QuEChERS-dSPE [ 79 , 88 , 102 ], SPE [ 68 , 75 ], and soxhlet [ 100 , 101 , 114 ].…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, no clean-up procedure is necessary. The most common solvents used in LLE are DCM [ 62 , 64 , 66 , 99 ], ACET [ 94 ], MeCN [ 90 , 91 , 106 ], and solvents mixes (HEX:ACET, HEX:EtAc, DCM:ACET) [ 63 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 95 , 96 ]. Despite the high extraction efficiency of LLE to extract PAEs from different samples, which results in recovery rates of 70% to 120%, lower LODs and LOQs ( Table 2 ), the up-to-date tendencies related to extraction procedures are founded on the principles of green chemistry, which include low solvent volumes, simplicity, and quickness.…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.

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Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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“…Large amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used annually to produce a wide variety of common consumer goods around the world (Arfaeinia et al 2020, Harunarashid et al 2017. PAEs are used mainly as plasticizers to increase durability, workability, and exibility of polymeric materials in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging or other plastic packaging, But, in addition, they can be present in many products such as inks, paints, cosmetics and adhesives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of phthalate acid esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages by MSPE-GC/MS method in Tehran city: chemometrics

Rezaei

Moazzen

Shariatifar

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The goal of this research was to assess the phthalic acid esters (DEP, DMP, BBP, DBP, DEHP, DnOP and total PAE) in non-alcoholic malt beverages bottled were magnetized with iron (MWCNT-Fe3O4) using Mass spectrometry is gas chromatography (GC-MS) in Tehran. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total phthalate esters in samples were 9483.93 and 2412.50 ng/l, respectively. The mean of DEHP (which has also been found to be carcinogenic) in all samples was lower than 5944.73 ng/l. The maximum concentration of DEHP in four samples was upper than 8957.87 ng/l. Multivariate techniques and heat-map visualization were used to assess the correlation among the type and levels of PAEs with brand, color, product date, pH, sugar, volume and gas pressure. Therefore, based on heat-map and principal component analysis (PCA) results, the Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and total PAEs were the closest accessions, indicating that these variables had similar trends. Based on the results, it can be stated that due to the low average of total phthalate esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages, there is no serious health hazard of these compounds for humans.

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Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

Kashfi,

Mohammadi,

Rostami

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

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Tea, the most common infusion worldwide, is usually sold in teabags due to the ease of usage. The increase in the use of plastic materials in the food packaging industry has led to an increase in released contaminants, such as microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs), in various food products including teabags. In this research, the abundance and features of MPs as well as PAEs concentration were investigated in 45 teabag samples of different Persian and German brands. The abundance of MPs in the Persian and German teabag samples were averagely 412.32 and 147.28 items/single teabag, respectively. Also, average PAEs levels in the Persian and German teabag samples were 2.87 and 2.37 mg/g, respectively. The predominant size category of MPs was relalated to 100-250 µm. Fibers and transparent were the dominant shape and color of detected MPs in teabags, respectively. Polyethylene (PE) and nylon were the most common MP polymer types. The most prominent PAEs congeners in teabag samples were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Furthermore, MP exposure hazard through tea ingestion was analyzed for three age groups: Teens, adults, and children. DEHP showed the cancer risk (CR) for age groups of children, teens, and adults. The ndings of this research indicated that high MPs and PAEs levels are released from teabags into tea drinks. Considering a daily drinking of a volume of 200-400 mL tea, 648-1296 MPs may enter the human body. Thus, tea prepared with teabag-packed herbs may pose a signi cant health risk for consumers.

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Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in highly acidic juice packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container: Occurrence, migration and estrogenic activity-associated risk assessment

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Measurement of phthalate acid esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages by MSPE-GC/MS method in Tehran city: chemometrics

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

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