Phreatic activity and hydrothermal alteration in the Valley of Desolation, Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Mayer, Klaus; Scheu, Bettina; Yilmaz, Tim I.; Montanaro, Cristian; Gilg, H. Albert; Rott, Stefanie; Joseph, E. P.; Dingwell, Donald B.

doi:10.1007/s00445-017-1166-0

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Even if the recent activity (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) of Dominica has been characterized by phreatic activity originated from the Boiling Lake and the Valley of Desolation (Fournier et al 2009;Di Napoli et al 2014;Mayer et al 2017), work has also been focused on the ignimbrite deposits that extensively outcrop in the central part of the island. In particular, the Pleistocene Roseau Tuff has been fully described (Sigurdsson 1972;Carey and Sigurdsson 1980).…”

Section: Geological Setting Volcanic Activity and Petrological Backgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrological and experimental constraints on magma storage for large pumiceous eruptions in Dominica island (Lesser Antilles)

et al. 2019

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The general question of the generation of large-volume silicic eruptions is here addressed through the experimental determination of the storage conditions of the primary magmas that generated ignimbritic eruptions at Dominica Island (Lesser Antilles) during the 24-51 ka period of time. The basal plinian fallouts and pumice pyroclastic flows from the large-volume (~ 5 km 3 DRE) events of Layou, Roseau and Grand Fond were investigated, together with the smaller ignimbritic eruptions of Grand Bay and Grande Savane. All samples are dacitic (63-66 wt% SiO 2)and contain~ 30 vol% phenocrysts of plagioclase (~ 21 vol%), orthopyroxene (~ 5 vol%) and Fe-Ti oxides (< 1 vol%), in a rhyolitic matrix glass. The most differentiated samples contain additional amphibole (up to 5 vol%) and quartz. Crystallization experiments were performed starting from Layou and Roseau pumice samples at 800 to 900 °C, 200 to 400 MPa, ~ ΔNNO + 1 and for H 2 O-saturated and H 2 O-undersaturated conditions. The main phase contents, assemblages and compositions of both natural samples were reproduced experimentally at ~ 850 °C, ΔNNO + 0.6, 7-8 wt% melt H 2 O and ~ 400 MPa (~ 16 km depth) consistent with magma ponding at the mid-crustal discontinuity. There is also evidence of more differentiated magma batches that may reflect a plumbing system with a significant vertical extension. The relationships between the chamber depth, width and volume argue for eruptions that do not form collapse calderas, in agreement with field evidence. The erupted magma volumes in Dominica are more than five times larger than those emitted in the neighbouring islands (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Montserrat; < 1 km 3), which may be explained by a locally extensional tectonic context that favoured assembly of large magma bodies, but also by the rarity of frequently draining upper crustal reservoirs (as evidenced on the neighbouring volcanic systems) that favoured deep accumulation of large volumes of magma during this period and time for differentiation to dacitic compositions.

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Section: Geological Setting Volcanic Activity and Petrological Backgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrological and experimental constraints on magma storage for large pumiceous eruptions in Dominica island (Lesser Antilles)

et al. 2019

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“…Hydrothermal alteration changes rock mechanical and geotechnical properties (del Potro & Hürlimann, 2009; Pola et al, 2014), promoting flank instability (Finn et al, 2001; Heap et al, 2015; John et al, 2008; López & Williams, 1993; Norini et al, 2020; Schaefer et al, 2015) and decreasing permeability, which can lead to phreatic eruptions (Mayer et al, 2017; Pardo et al, 2014). Hydrothermal alteration primarily reduces rock strength (del Potro & Hürlimann, 2009; Farquharson et al, 2019) and changes permeability (e.g., mineral precipitation into pores and cracks which decreases permeability) within the volcanic edifice (Mordensky et al, 2019), which may locally elevate pore pressure promoting edifice flank instabilities (Ball et al, 2018; Collard et al, 2020; Reid, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Keresztúri

Schaefer

Miller

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Prolonged volcanic activity can induce surface weathering and hydrothermal alteration that is a primary control on edifice instability, posing a complex hazard with its challenges to accurately forecast and mitigate. This study uses a frequently active composite volcano, Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand, to develop a conceptual model of surface weathering and hydrothermal alteration applicable to long‐lived composite volcanoes. The alteration on Mt Ruapehu was classified using ground samples as non‐altered, supergene argillic, intermediate argillic, and advanced argillic. The first two classes have a paragenesis that is consistent with surficial infiltration and circulation of low‐temperature (<40°C) neutral to mildly acidic fluids, inducing chemical weathering and formation of weathering rims on rock surfaces. The intermediate and advanced argillic alteration formed from hotter (≥100°C) hydrothermal fluids with lower pH, interacting with the andesitic to dacitic host rocks. The distribution of weathering and hydrothermal alteration has been mapped with airborne hyperspectral imaging through image classification, while aeromagnetic data inversion was used to map alteration to up to 500‐m depth. The joint use of hyperspectral imaging complements the geophysical methods since it can spectrally identify hydrothermal alteration mineralogy. This study established a conceptual model of hydrothermal alteration history of Mt Ruapehu, exemplifying a long‐lived and nested active and ancient hydrothermal system. This study's combination approach can be used to indicate the most likely sources of future debris avalanches, which are a significant hazard on Ruapehu.

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“…Clay minerals, typical of argillic alteration, are often formed in hydrothermally active areas and are common in the andesites of the nearby island of Guadaloupe (Mas et al, 2006). Mayer et al (2017) found the clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite in argillic samples from Valley of Desolation. However, no clay minerals have been detected in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Cristobalite, sulfide, and sulfate minerals likely originate from hydrothermal vents, whereas fine grained iron oxides come from the alteration of Fe-Mg minerals such as pyroxene. Native sulfur crystals observed in the field are attributed to precipitation of the sulfur present in fumarole gases (Mayer et al, 2017). Africano et al (2000) studied the Hsu volcano in Hokkaido, Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mineral Alteration in Andesite and Dacite From Three Different Volcano Hydrothermal Systems on Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Smith¹

2018

31st Keck Proceedings Volume

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Phreatic activity and hydrothermal alteration in the Valley of Desolation, Dominica, Lesser Antilles

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Petrological and experimental constraints on magma storage for large pumiceous eruptions in Dominica island (Lesser Antilles)

Petrological and experimental constraints on magma storage for large pumiceous eruptions in Dominica island (Lesser Antilles)

Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Investigation of Mineral Alteration in Andesite and Dacite From Three Different Volcano Hydrothermal Systems on Dominica, Lesser Antilles

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