Photovoltaic penetration issues and impacts in distribution network – A review

Karimi, Mazaher; Mokhlis, Hazlie; Naidu, Kanendra; Uddin, Sohel; Bakar, Ab Halim Abu

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.042

Cited by 424 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This is noticeable especially in Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) networks, which are more vulnerable to the variations of the distributed generation. Several examples of the consequences brought by the large PV penetration in the distribution systems can be found in the literature [14]- [17]: voltage variations and unbalance, power congestion at the substation feeders, reverse power flows that can trip the protection relays affecting the grid reliability and islanding protection, etc.…”

Section: Outline the Available Fit Payment Plans Ie Percentage Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated microgrid investment and planning process considering the system operator

et al. 2017

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Nowadays, a significant number of distribution systems are facing problems to accommodate more photovoltaic (PV) capacity, namely due to the overvoltages during the daylight periods. This has an impact on the private investments in distributed energy resources (DER), since it occurs exactly when the PV prices are becoming attractive, and the opportunity to an energy transition based on solar technologies is being wasted. In particular, this limitation of the networks is a barrier for larger consumers, such as commercial and public buildings, aiming at investing in PV capacity and start operating as microgrids connected to the MV network. To address this challenge, this paper presents a coordinated approach to the microgrid investment and planning problem, where the system operator and the microgrid owner collaborate to improve the voltage control capabilities of the distribution network, increasing the PV potential. The results prove that this collaboration has the benefit of increasing the value of the microgrid investments while improving the quality of service of the system and it should be considered in the future regulatory framework. KeywordsDistribution grid voltage control, microgrid design, model predictive control, photovoltaics. IntroductionThe number of photovoltaic (PV) installations have exponentially increased over the last decades and a more accelerated growth, pulled by the emerging economies, is expected by In addition, in order to maximize the on-site DER penetration it is a common practice to apply Demand Response (DR) procedures to decrease the load in peak hour conditions, These technical approaches to improve grid controllability proved to be very efficient in increasing the capabilities of distribution systems to host more PV capacity. However, they entail investment and operational costs to the distribution system operators (DSO) and, especially in scenarios of unbundling electricity sectors, DSOs have no interest in making those investments and bearing those costs. In fact, they have no motivation to enable more PV capacity, since their remuneration depends on electricity consumption and the 6 challenges of solar integration are mostly peak power related [19]. Moreover, the installation of photovoltaic units has the practical effect of reducing the net consumption of the prosumers, which decreases the income of the DSOs.The difficulties of the system to accommodate more solar power persist in most distribution networks, especially those that already have a considerable number of photovoltaic installations connected to the LV network. This is a particular barrier for larger consumers, such as commercial and public buildings, aiming at investing in PV capacity and start operating as microgrids connected to the MV network (e.g., [26] and [27]). Three main reasons explain the limitations imposed by the distribution grids to the microgrids investment and planning process: 1) microgrids require a significant amount of PV to justify the investments and, since all the capacity is conc...

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Section: Outline the Available Fit Payment Plans Ie Percentage Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated microgrid investment and planning process considering the system operator

et al. 2017

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“…However, in the case of high PV penetration in LV distribution network, reverse power flow may occur when the PV production exceeds the consumers' load [4]. This situation may lead to overvoltage, increase of total harmonic distortion (THD) and fault current, blinding of protection and false tripping, risk of islanding operation [5], and decrease reliability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal placement, sizing, and daily charge/discharge of battery energy storage in low voltage distribution network with high photovoltaic penetration

et al. 2018

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Early version, also known as pre-print Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Jannesar, M. R., Sedighi, A., Savaghebi, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2018). Optimal placement, sizing, and daily charge/discharge of battery energy storage in low voltage distribution network with high photovoltaic penetration. Applied Energy, 226, 957-966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.036 General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. can mitigate these disadvantages and as a result, improve the system operation.For this purpose, battery energy storage system is charged when production of photovoltaic is more than consumers' demands and discharged when consumers' demands are increased. Since the price of battery energy storage system is high, economic, environmental, and technical objectives should be considered together for its placement and sizing. In this paper, optimal placement, sizing, and daily (24 hours) charge/discharge of battery energy storage system are performed based on a cost function that includes energy arbitrage, environmental emission, energy losses, transmission access fee, as well as capital and maintenance costs of battery energy storage system. All simulations are carried out in DIgSILENT and MATLAB linked together. Results show that by using the proposed approach, overvoltage 2 and energy losses are decreased, reverse power flow is prevented, environmental emission is reduced, and economic profit is maximized.

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“…Over the past decade, green and renewable energy sources have been explored and used [1] to reduce CO 2 emissions [1][2][3]. Several types of renewable energy include hydro, wind, and solar or photovoltaic (PV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several types of renewable energy include hydro, wind, and solar or photovoltaic (PV). Among these sources, PV is the third most valued energy source that leads to the intense development of PV cell technology in recent years [1]. The sun is the best source of energy among the renewable or non-renewable energy because it provides 174,000 TW per year to the earth [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Graphene Into Counter Electrode to Enhance the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Bolhan

Ludin²

2017

MJAS

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Platinum (Pt) is a conventional material for counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its excellent electrocatalytic activity in the redox process. However, the high cost of Pt motivates researchers to search for composite materials of Pt to reduce its consumption. This study is aimed to reduce Pt usage by incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Pt of different ratios in counter electrode thin films and to determine the optimum ratio with the highest efficiency. A DSSCbased platinum/rGO (Pt/rGO) counter electrode composite was fabricated using doctor-blade method. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to examine the crystallite structure of the Pt/rGO thin film. The optimum ratio was found to be 70:30 of Pt:rGO, with current-voltage characterization showing an efficiency of 5.5%, open-circuit voltage of 0.739 V, current density of 12.5 mA/cm 2 , and fill factor of 59.24%.Keywords: counter electrode, dye-sensitized solar cell, graphene, platinum, thin film Abstrak Platinum (Pt) adalah bahan konvensional untuk elektrod lawan sel suria terpeka pewarna (DSSC) memandangkan ia mempunyai aktiviti pemangkinan-elektro dalam proses redoks yang sangat baik. Namun begitu, harga Pt sangat mahal mendorong para pengkaji untuk mencari bahan komposit Pt yang boleh mengurangkan penggunaannya. Kajian ini menumpukan pengurangan penggunaan Pt dengan menggabungkannya dengan grafin oksida terturun (rGO) dengan Pt dalam filem nipis elektrod lawan pada nisbah berbeza dan untuk menentukan nisbah paling optimum yang meningkatkan kecekapan. DSSC berasaskan komposit elektrod lawan platinum/grafin oksida (Pt/rGO) telah difabrikasikan menggunakan kaedah doctor blade. Analisis Pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) telah dijalankan untuk memeriksa struktur kristal pada filem nipis Pt/rGO. Nisbah optimum yang dicapai adalah 70:30 kepada Pt:rGO dimana pencirian arus-voltan (I-V) menunjukkan nilai kecekapan ialah 5.5%, dengan nilai litar voltan terbuka V oc , ketumpatan arus J sc, dan faktor mengisi FF, masing-masing dengan nilai 0.739 V, 12.5 mA/cm 2 dan 59.24 %.

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Photovoltaic penetration issues and impacts in distribution network – A review

Cited by 424 publications

References 74 publications

Coordinated microgrid investment and planning process considering the system operator

Coordinated microgrid investment and planning process considering the system operator

Optimal placement, sizing, and daily charge/discharge of battery energy storage in low voltage distribution network with high photovoltaic penetration

Incorporation of Graphene Into Counter Electrode to Enhance the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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