“…SnO 2 is an n-type semiconductor which has many applications. SnO 2 thin films are widely used in practice as transparent conducting films in the field of photothermal and photovoltaic conversions [10][11][12][13]. Other than the high transparency and high conduction, the advantage of SnO 2 films is high chemical stability even at high temperatures; they also have the refractive index in the range 1.9-2, making them suitable for antireflection coating [14].…”