Photovoltaic array reconfiguration under partial shading conditions for maximum power extraction via knight's tour technique

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel reconfiguration technique, called Knight's tour to extract maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays in partial shading conditions. The Knight's tour reconfigures the PV arrays based on the Knight's movements on the chessboard. The proposed procedure achieves the maximum power values by spreading partial shadows in all rows. Knight's tour can be applied to a variety of PV arrays in different dimensions and sizes. Accordingly, the Knight's tour procedure is applied to four cases in square and rectangular shapes with different dimensions and various shading conditions in each case. To make a direct comparison and present the effectiveness of the suggested procedure, the total-cross-tied connection model and conventional methods such as SuDoKu, optimal SuDoKu, improved SuDoKu, and Skyscraper puzzle are also implemented to the introduced cases. The results of the maximum power point tracking in each case are evaluated by indicators such as global maximum power point (GMPP), fill factor, mismatch loss, and efficiency. Finally, evaluations emphasize the ability and effectiveness of the Knight's tour solution compared to other methods by achieving the GMPP values such as $$74.7\,{I}_{m}{V}_{m}$$ 74.7 I m V m , $$66.6\,{I}_{m}{V}_{m}$$ 66.6 I m V m , $$46.8\,{I}_{m}{V}_{m}$$ 46.8 I m V m , and $$109.8\,{I}_{m}{V}_{m}$$ 109.8 I m V m for cases 1 to 4, respectively. The Knight's tour method can be utilized as an efficient tool for the PV arrays in real-world systems that suffer from partial shading.

The Combined Effect of Current Boosting and Power Loss on Photovoltaic Arrays under Partial Shading Conditions

“…Although using bypass diodes increases the cost and complexity of any PV array, it can significantly improve power during PSCs. Previous research has shown that under PSCs and with bypass diodes, the GMPP for SP, TCT, HC, and BL PV topologies is 21.54%, 52.74%, 16.09%, and 20.78% higher than what it would be in a scheme without bypass diodes [32]. The bypass diodes across a PV panel can cause peaks in the P-V characteristic curve but are not detrimental to the system.…”

“…Several researchers have investigated different techniques to reduce mismatching power losses in PV arrays [5,17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Authors in [27] compared large interconnected SP array schemes operating under PSCs [27].…”

Optimal PV Reconfiguration Under Partial Shading Based on White Shark Optimization

“…It involves the maximum power point power (𝑃𝑚), open circuit voltage (𝑉 𝑜𝑐 ), and short circuit current (𝐼 𝑠𝑐 ). The FF is calculated using the formula as in ( 17) [29].…”

“…b) MPL quantifies the difference between the power under uniform radiation (𝑃 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 ) and the power under Partial Shading Conditions (𝑃 𝑝 𝑆𝑐 ). The formula for PL as shown in (18) [29] is:…”

Power enhancement in PV arrays under partial shaded conditions with different array configuration

“…Based on this different configuration like series parallel connection, Bridge link connection, Total cross tied connection, Honey comb connections are carried out for PV array [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. To analyse the reliability behaviour of large PV of array size 720 × 20, they are connected in three different connections like series-parallel, total cross tied and bridge link connections and proved the lifetime in TCT connection is 30 % more when compared to other connections [ 18 ].…”