Phototrophic Green and Purple Bacteria: A Comparative, Systematic Survey

Pfennig, Norbert

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177.001423

Cited by 144 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Anoxygenic phototrophs are known to use organic substrates or reduced inorganic electron donors such as sulfur compounds, hydrogen and ferrous iron for autotrophic cell carbon synthesis from carbon dioxide (Pfennig, 1967(Pfennig, , 1977Widdel et al, 1993;Stackebrandt et al, 1996). Photosynthetic bacteria can be found in almost every aquatic environment, including freshwater, marine, alkaline, acidic and hot or cold waters (Pfennig, 1976(Pfennig, , 1978Stanier et al, 1981;Trüper & Pfennig, 1981;Van Trappen et al, 2004;Caumette et al, 2004;Herbert et al, 2005;Asao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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In anaerobic enrichment cultures for phototrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from different freshwater sites, two different cell types, i.e. non-motile cocci and motile, rod-shaped bacteria, always outnumbered all other bacteria. Most-probable-number (MPN) dilution series with samples from two freshwater sites yielded only low numbers (¡3¾10 3 cm "3 ) of phototrophic nitrite oxidizers. Slightly higher numbers (about 10 4 cm "3 ) were found in activated sewage sludge. Anaerobic phototrophic oxidation of nitrite was studied with two different isolates, the phototrophic sulfur bacterium strain KS1 and the purple nonsulfur bacterium strain LQ17, both of which were isolated from activated sludge collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Konstanz, Germany. Strain KS1 converted 1 mM nitrite stoichiometrically to nitrate with concomitant formation of cell matter within 2-3 days, whereas strain LQ17 oxidized only up to 60 % of the given nitrite to nitrate within several months with the concomitant formation of cell biomass. Nitrite oxidation to nitrate was strictly light-dependent and required the presence of molybdenum in the medium. Nitrite was oxidized in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Nitrite inhibited growth at concentrations higher than 2 mM. Hydroxylamine and hydrazine were found to be toxic to the phototrophs in the range 5-50 mM and did not stimulate phototrophic growth. Based on morphology, substrate-utilization pattern, in vivo absorption spectra, and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS1 was assigned to the genus Thiocapsa and strain LQ17 to the genus Rhodopseudomonas. Also, Thiocapsa roseopersicina strains DSM 217 and DSM 221 were found to oxidize nitrite to nitrate with concomitant growth. We conclude that the ability to use nitrite phototrophically as electron donor is widespread in nature, but low MPN counts indicate that its contribution to nitrite oxidation in the studied habitats is rather limited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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“…This suggests that a taxonomic inconsistency exists in the Rhodospirillaceae. The phenotypic heterogeneity and taxonomic questions which have long existed in these groups of phototrophic bacteria have already been discussed (23,24). Also, recent studies on their phylogenetic traits, e.g., amino acid sequence of cytochromes c (25) and oligonucleotide signature of 16S ribosomal RNAs (26,27), have shown that there is no correlation between the phylogenetis and the standard taxonomy of the Rhodospirillaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, recent studies on their phylogenetic traits, e.g., amino acid sequence of cytochromes c (25) and oligonucleotide signature of 16S ribosomal RNAs (26,27), have shown that there is no correlation between the phylogenetis and the standard taxonomy of the Rhodospirillaceae. This is not surprising because the genera now defined for the phototrophic purple bacteria are meant to be determinative categories for the identification of newly isolated strains, irrespective of the genetic or evolutional relatedness thereof (23,24). However, we take the ground that, if information is available, a classification system for bacterial species must be based on a combination of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic properties, rather than a single one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprenoid quinone composition in the classification of Rhodospirillaceae.

Hiraishi¹,

Hoshino²,

Kitamura³

1984

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

112

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Fifty five strains of 13 species of Rhodospirillaceae and one strain of Chromatium vinosum were examined for isoprenoid quinone composition. These bacteria were divided into the following five categories on the basis of their predominant quinone patterns: Q-10-Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, and Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila; Q-10--MK-10-Rhodopseudomonas acidophila; Q-9 ;-MK-9 -Rhodospirillum fulvum, Rhodospirillum molischianum, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, and Rhodopseudomonas globiformis; Q-8 -Rhodospirillum photometricum and atypical strains of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa; Q-8 -MK-8 -Rhodospirillum tenue, R. gelatinosa, and C. vinosur. The significance of the quinone system in Rhodospinillaceae taxonomy is discussed in comparison with available information on other taxonomic properties such as morphology and photosynthetic membrane systems and on some phylogenetic characteristics.Respiratory isoprenoid quinones are essential components of membranebound electron transport systems in bacteria. In addition to interest in their functions in electron transport mechanisms, a growing concern with the significance of the quinone system in bacterial systematics has led to intensive study. At present, the diagnostic value of isoprenoid quinones in bacterial taxonomy is well realized (1), and an analysis of isoprenoid quinone composition of bacterial strains is one of the most prevalent chemotaxonomic methods (2).There are some preliminary reports in the literature on predominant quinone patterns in phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodospirillaceae (3-5). The available information on this subject has also been summarized in recent re-1 This study was presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Fermentation Technology,

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“…It is one of the most diverse groups of the photoorganotrophic bacteria, as they utilize organic compounds as electron donors and carbon sources (Das & Veziroglu, 2001;Hiraishi et al, 1984;Montgomery, 2004;Nandi & Sengupta, 1998). Facultatively microaerophilic to aerobic nature of these bacteria renders them versatile (Pfenning, 1977;Pfenning & Truper, 1974). However, their presence in nature, is evaluated from results obtained by enrichment techniques (Kaiser, 1966) or by membrane filtration (Biebl & Drews, 1969;Swoagar & Linderstrom, 1971).…”

Section: Biohydrogen; Another Potential For Biofuel Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Niel (1944), reported that purple bacteria are characterized with a complex pigment system, made up of a green pigment, "bacteriochlorin" and one or more red pigments, "bacteriopurpurin." Diagnostically, these were distinguished by the occurrence of sulfur droplets in the cells by their accumulation in the external environment and fundamental difference of autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of life (Holt et al, 1994;Imhoff & Truper, 1992;Jansen & Harfoot, 1991;Pfenning, 1977;Pfenning & Truper, 1974). Hiraishi et al (1984), examined fifty five strains of 13 species of purple bacteria Rhodospirillaceae and one strain of Chromatium vinosum for presence and composition of isoprenoid quinine.…”

Section: H 2 Gas Production and Phototrophic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%