Phototransformation of imidacloprid on isolated tomato fruit cuticles and on tomato fruits

Schippers, Nicole; Schwack, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.11.004

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A few studies have been done on photolysis of solid thin films of imidacloprid − and nitenpyram . Gaseous nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a greenhouse gas with a global-warming potential of 264 relative to CO 2 on a 20 year scale, was previously identified as the gas-phase product in the photolysis of solid thin films of IMD and NPM. , The goals of the current study were to determine the N 2 O and photolysis quantum yields for thin solid films of five other NNs, CLD, TMX, DNF, ACM, and TCD, using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR at 254 nm and at wavelengths in the actinic region for those that absorb above 290 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Wang

Aregahegn

Andersen

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Neonicotinoids (NN), first introduced in 1991, are found on environmental surfaces where they undergo photolytic degradation. Photolysis studies of thin films of NN were performed using two approaches: (1) transmission FTIR, in which solid films of NN and the gas-phase products were analyzed simultaneously, and (2) attenuated-total-reflectance FTIR combined with transmission FTIR, in which solid films of NN and the gas-phase products were probed in the same experiment but not at the same time. Photolysis quantum yields using broadband irradiation centered at 313 nm were (2.2 ± 0.9) × 10 −3 for clothianidin (CLD), (3.9 ± 0.3) × 10 −3 for thiamethoxam (TMX), and (3.3 ± 0.5) × 10 −3 for dinotefuran (DNF), with all errors being ±1s. At 254 nm, which was used to gain insight into the wavelength dependence, quantum yields were in the range of (0.8−20) × 10 −3 for all NNs, including acetamiprid (ACM) and thiacloprid (TCD). Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas, was the only gas-phase product detected for the photolysis of nitroguanidines, with yields of ΔN 2 O/ΔNN > 0.5 in air at both 313 and 254 nm. The atmospheric lifetimes with respect to photolysis for CLD, TMX, and DNF, which absorb light in the actinic region, are estimated to be 15, 10, and 11 h, respectively, at a solar zenith angle of 35°and 12, 8, and 10 h at a solar zenith angle of 15°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Wang

Aregahegn

Andersen

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Different plants have different metabolites with different toxicities . It is vital to study the fate of IMI in tomato and the metabolic pathway of its possible toxic metabolites to ensure food safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Different plants have different metabolites with different toxicities. [21][22][23] It is vital to study the fate of IMI in tomato and the metabolic pathway of its possible toxic metabolites to ensure food safety. Although much information is available on the bioefficacy of IMI, there has been no in-depth study on the persistence of IMI residues in tomato under Xinjiang (China) conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

Jiang

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Red tomato processing is one of the leading industries in Xinjiang, but also the largest export industry. In the process of tomato planting, imidacloprid (IMI) is often used to kill aphids, which poses the risk of pesticide residue. However, as daily consumables, pesticide residue on tomatoes may cause a potential threat to human health. Therefore the aims of this research were to study the residue dynamics of IMI pesticides in tomatoes by monitoring field experiments and to investigate the fate of IMI and its metabolites under Xinjiang field conditions. RESULTS In the field trials, three different doses of IMI were sprayed on tomato during the fruit setting stage. Degradation of IMI and residue behaviors of its metabolites at different stages were systemically traced and evaluated by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap MS). An accurate mass tool was used as the main method to identify the IMI metabolites. The improved method showed high efficiency in detecting IMI and 6‐chlorinated nicotinic acid (6‐CNA), being able to determine hazardous pesticides at trace levels. The fate of IMI in field tomato was investigated over 28 days. The metabolic mechanism of IMI in tomato is: OH products in the early stage and carbonyl products in the late stage. CONCLUSION Under natural conditions, pesticides in tomatoes will gradually decrease with time. In this process, olefin IMI is produced, but it is almost completely metabolized after 28 days. Therefore even 10 times the recommended dose of IMI pesticide will not endanger human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…48 Neonicotinoids are also degraded and transformed via several non-biological processes, including direct and indirect photodegradation, hydrolysis and chlorination. Neonicotinoids (including clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) readily undergo photodegradation, 17,46,[49][50][51][52][53][54] with estimated half-lives for exposure to direct sunlight between 0.2-1.5 days for thiamethoxam, 0.5-3.31 days for clothianidin and 0.36 -2.22 days for imidacloprid (reaction rates are dependent on surface water temperature). 46 However, photoattenuation at depths greater than 8 cm was negligible, which the authors attribute to their environmental persistence.…”

Section: Environmental Neonicotinoid Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insect selectivity of neonicotinoids may be lost in metabolites and transformation products, particularly upon removal of the nitro or cyano groups. 11,16,18,19,26,51,61,62 The toxicity of most transformation products and metabolites to humans and insects in unknown. 16 Nevertheless, desnitro imidacloprid and descyano thiacloprid have been toxicologically evaluated to fulfill requirements of the EPA approval process.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Transformation Products Toward Insects and Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation and fate of neonicotinoid insecticides during drinking water treatment

Klarich¹

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Neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread in surface waters across the agriculturally-intensive Midwestern US. We report for the first time the presence of three neonicotinoids in finished drinking water and demonstrate their general persistence during conventional water treatment. Periodic tap water grab samples were collected at the University of Iowa over seven weeks in 2016 (May-July) after maize/soy planting. Clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were ubiquitously detected in finished water samples and ranged from 0.24-57.3 ng/L. Samples collected along the University of Iowa treatment train indicate no apparent removal of clothianidin and imidacloprid, with modest thiamethoxam removal (~50%). In contrast, the concentrations of all neonicotinoids were substantially lower in the Iowa City treatment facility finished water using granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Batch experiments investigated potential losses. Thiamethoxam losses are due to base-catalyzed hydrolysis at high pH conditions during lime softening. GAC rapidly and nearly completely removed all three neonicotinoids. Clothianidin, hydrolysis products of thiamethoxam and known metabolites of imidacloprid are susceptible to reaction with free chlorine and may undergo transformation during chemical disinfection via chlorination or during distribution with chlorine residual. We identify several transformation products resulting from these oxidation and hydrolysis reactions, and discuss implications for human health. Our work provides new insights into the persistence of neonicotinoids and their potential for transformation during water treatment and distribution, while also identifying GAC as a potentially effective management tool to lower neonicotinoid concentrations in finished drinking water.

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Phototransformation of imidacloprid on isolated tomato fruit cuticles and on tomato fruits

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

Transformation and fate of neonicotinoid insecticides during drinking water treatment

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Phototransformation of imidacloprid on isolated tomato fruit cuticles and on tomato fruits

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Quantum Yields and N2O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Quantum Yields and N2O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

Transformation and fate of neonicotinoid insecticides during drinking water treatment

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Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids

Quantum Yields and N₂O Formation from Photolysis of Solid Films of Neonicotinoids