Phototoxicity of Indocyanine Green and Brilliant Blue G under Continuous Fluorescent Illumination on Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Takayama, Kei; Sato, Tomohito; Kobayashi, Yôko; Sato, Shunichi; Ito, Masataka; Takeuchi, Masaru

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10754

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our data support the earlier observation by showing high spectral peaks between 540 and 680 nm in the presence of BBG with or without xenon light for 10 minutes. BBG has absorption maxima at 595 nm (range 465–595 nm) 19. This absorption of light and duration of use (10 minutes) did not shift the emission spectrum of light toward the retinal damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

Balaiya¹,

Saurabh²,

Cook³

et al. 2016

OPTH

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of brilliant blue green (BBG) and their different biochemical characteristics on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under xenon light source illumination at varying distances to identify safe parameters for intraoperative use.MethodsHuman retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to two concentrations (0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL) of BBG and illuminated with a xenon surgical illuminator at varying distances (10 and 25 mm), intensity levels, and time intervals (1, 5, and 15 minutes). Additionally, the effect of osmolarity was examined by diluting BBG in different concentrations of glucose. Cytotoxicity of BBG and osmolarity effects on cell viability were evaluated using a WST-1 assay. Light absorption and emission characteristic of BBG in different solvents were measured using a plate reader at different wavelengths. Lastly, the activity of caspase-3 was also studied.ResultsCell viability of ARPE-19 cells was 77.4%±12.7%, 78.7%±17.0%, and 65.0%±19.7% at 1, 5, and 15 minutes to exposure of high illumination xenon light at 10 mm (P<0.05) compared to controls. At both distances of illumination (10 and 25 mm), similar cell viabilities were seen between 1 and 5 minutes of exposure. However, there was a decline in viability when the illumination was carried out to 15 minutes in all groups (P<0.05). There was no significant reduction in cell viability in presence or absence of xenon light in different osmolar solutions concentrations of glucose (P>0.05). Maximal light absorption of BBG was noted between 540 and 680 nm. Activated caspase-3 level was not significant in both the concentrations of BBG (P>0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that BBG at 0.25 mg/mL during vitreoretinal surgery is safe and not toxic to RPE cells up to 5 minutes under focal high illumination (10 mm) and up to 15 minutes under medium diffuse illumination (25 mm). BBG was safe to be mixed with isotonic glucose solution at the concentration range of 2.5%–10%, regardless of the illumination status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

Balaiya¹,

Saurabh²,

Cook³

et al. 2016

OPTH

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“… 20 Although the clinical significance is uncertain, several cell culture studies have shown that light and ICG toxicities may be synergistic. 21 , 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoilluminator phototoxic maculopathy associated with combined ICG-assisted epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling

Yonekawa¹,

Abbey²,

Shah³

et al. 2014

OPTH

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Phototoxic maculopathy caused by endoillumination during macular surgery is uncommon. Previously identified risk factors have included intensity of the light source, proximity to the retinal surface, and length of exposure. In the era of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, the use of ICG, and the technique of ILM peeling may both contribute to subsequent phototoxic maculopathy. We present cases of routine chromovitrectomy who developed phototoxic maculopathy in the precise discrete distribution of the ILM rhexes, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications.

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“…[5][6][7] Consequently, alternative vital dyes have been evaluated to facilitate ILM staining and its removal. 8,[12][13][14] An ideal replacement to ICG should maximize the staining ability of the ILM and have minimum toxicity to RPE and retinal cells. Among the numerous dyes tested, Infracyanine G (IfCG), Brilliant Blue Green (BBG), and Bromophenol Blue (BPB) show the highest affinity for ILM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After exposure, cells were washed 3 times with HBSS and then lysed with 0.5 mL of 0.1% Triton X-100 in HBSS as described earlier. 12 Standard solutions were prepared by diluting 0.5 mg/mL of BBG in HBSS containing 0.1% Triton X-100. The absorbance of the standard solution and cell lysate was measured immediately and after 24 h using a microplate reader (BioTek Synergy HT) at wavelengths of 405, 465, 595, 630, and 700 nm.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Intracellular Absorption Of Bbgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Effect of Distance and Duration of Illumination on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Exposed to Varying Doses of Brilliant Blue Green

Balaiya

Koushan²,

McLauchlan³

et al. 2014

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Phototoxicity of Indocyanine Green and Brilliant Blue G under Continuous Fluorescent Illumination on Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Abstract: Illumination with a fluorescent lamp caused cell death via apoptosis in ICG-exposed, but not in BBG-exposed cultured RPE cells. BBG may be a safer dye than ICG because of low light-induced cytotoxicity and rapid elution from stained cells.

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator

Endoilluminator phototoxic maculopathy associated with combined ICG-assisted epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling

Assessment of the Effect of Distance and Duration of Illumination on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Exposed to Varying Doses of Brilliant Blue Green

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