Phototoxicity is not associated with photochemical tissue bonding of skin

Yao, Min; Yaroslavsky, Anna N.; Henry, Francis P.; Redmond, Robert W.; Kochevar, Irene E.

doi:10.1002/lsm.20869

Cited by 66 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast, a recent report on porcine skin PLAVB revealed that the photochemical reaction does not induce cell damage in this setting, which may be attributable to the low irradiance and the low RB concentration [117].…”

Section: Summary Of Experimental Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

Laser-assisted vessel welding: state of the art and future outlook

Pabittei

Boon

Heger

et al. 2015

JCTRes

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Laser-assisted vascular welding (LAVW) is an experimental technique being developed as an alternative to suture anastomosis. In comparison to mechanical anastomosis, LAVW is less traumatic, non-immunogenic, provides immediate water tight sealant, and possibly a faster and easier procedure for minimally invasive surgery. This review focuses on technical advances to improve welding strength and to reduce thermal damage in LAVW. In terms of welding strength, LAVW has evolved from the photothermally-induced microvascular anastomosis, requiring stay sutures to support welding strength, to sutureless anastomoses of medium-sized vessels, withstanding physiological and supraphysiological pressure. Further improvements in anastomotic strength could be achieved by the use of chromophore-containing albumin solder and the employment of (biocompatible) polymeric scaffolds. The anastomotic strength and the stability of welds achieved with such a modality, referred to as scaffold-and solder-enhanced LAVW (ssLAVW), are dependent on the intermolecular bonding of solder molecules (cohesive bonding) and the bonding between solder and tissue collagen (adhesive bonding). Presently, the challenges of ssLAVW include (1) obtaining an optimal balance between cohesive and adhesive bonding and (2) minimizing thermal damage. The modulation of thermodynamics during welding, the application of semi-solid solder, and the use of a scaffold that supports both cohesive and adhesive strength are essential to improve welding strength and to limit thermal damage.

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Section: Summary Of Experimental Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

Laser-assisted vessel welding: state of the art and future outlook

Pabittei

Boon

Heger

et al. 2015

JCTRes

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“…30 Consequently, cell viability was measured 24 hours after RGX using cornea of freshly enucleated eyes. After RB application one-half of each cornea was shielded from light and the other half irradiated with 100 or 200 J/cm 2 .…”

Section: Effect Of Rgx On Keratocyte Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Collagen Cross-Linking Using Rose Bengal and Green Light to Increase Corneal Stiffness

Cherfan

Verter

Melki³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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139

164

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PURPOSE. Photochemical cross-linking of corneal collagen is an evolving treatment for keratoconus and other ectatic disorders. We evaluated collagen cross-linking by rose bengal plus green light (RGX) in rabbit eyes and investigated factors important for clinical application.METHODS. Rose bengal (RB, 0.1%) was applied to deepithelialized corneas of enucleated rabbit eyes for 2 minutes. The diffusion distance of RB into the stroma was measured by fluorescence microscopy on frozen sections. RB-stained corneas were exposed to green (532-nm) light for 3.3 to 9.9 minutes (50-150 J/cm 2 ). Changes in the absorption spectrum during the irradiation were recorded. Corneal stiffness was measured by uniaxial tensiometry. The spatial distribution of the stromal elastic modulus was assessed by Brillouin microscopy. Viable keratocytes were counted on H&E-stained sections 24 hours posttreatment. RESULTS.RB penetrated approximately 100 lm into the corneal stroma and absorbed >90% of the incident green light. RGX (150 J/cm 2 ) increased stromal stiffness by 3.8-fold. The elastic modulus increased in the anterior approximately 120 lm of stroma. RB was partially photobleached during the 2-minute irradiation, but reapplication of RB blocked light transmission by >70%. Spectral measurements suggested that RGX initiated cross-linking by an oxygen-dependent mechanism. RGX did not decrease keratocyte viability.CONCLUSIONS. RGX significantly increases cornea stiffness in a rapid treatment (@12 minutes total time), does not cause toxicity to keratocytes and may be used to stiffen corneas thinner than 400 lm. Thus, RGX may provide an attractive approach to inhibit progression of keratoconus and other ectatic disorders.

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“…Studies show that bengal B when illuminated by a light source with a specific wavelength helps in healing without causing toxicity. 22,23 There are no studies like this with the esters derived from the RBMET and RBBUT, but we believe that they can behave similarly. In contrast, the RB did not present antileishmanial activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Photodynamic Therapy With Bengal Rose and Derivatives Against Leishmania amazonensis

et al. 2017

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Introduction: The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials, which may lead to many side effects limiting their use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative for the treatment of CL, and some xanthene dyes have the potential for use in PDT. Methods: The xanthenes rose bengal B (RB) and its derivatives rose bengal methyl ester (RBMET), and butyl ester (RBBUT) were analyzed for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Cytotoxicity was assessed in J774.A1 macrophages. Results: RB derivates RBMET (IC 50 9.83 µM), and RBBUT (IC 50 45.08 µM) showed leishmanicidal activity, however, were toxic to J774.A1 macrophages, resulting in low selectivity index. Conclusion:The RBMET and RBBUT showed to be effective against the L. amazonensis and the low selectivity index presented may not be a limitation for their use in PDT to CL treatment.

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Phototoxicity is not associated with photochemical tissue bonding of skin

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Laser-assisted vessel welding: state of the art and future outlook

Laser-assisted vessel welding: state of the art and future outlook

Collagen Cross-Linking Using Rose Bengal and Green Light to Increase Corneal Stiffness

Photodynamic Therapy With Bengal Rose and Derivatives Against Leishmania amazonensis

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