Phototoxic versus photoprotective effects of tattoo pigments in reconstructed human skin models

Hering, Henrik; Zoschke, Christian; König, Frank; Kühn, Markus; Luch, Andreas; Schreiver, Ines

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152872

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Particularly, exposure to UVA/B/C radiation can cause tattoo pigments to fade, bleach, or change color 32,33 . This can be a problem for tattooed persons having the colored PMU/tattoos which are exposed to UVA radiation of sunlight for extended periods of time, such as outdoor workers in high-UV environments, for example mansion workers, tra c attendant, and farmers 32,34,35 . Particularly, in the case of pigment blue PB15:3, the absorbance spectrum is likely to be dominated by the absorption of light by the aromatic ring structure of the pigment 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Tattoo Pigments in a Laboratory Setting: Application of UV-Vis and FTIR Spectroscopy Methods supported with Chemometric Modelling

Singh,

Bansod,

Schumann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Physicochemical characterization of tattoo inks has a major impact on their safe usage in tattoo art. Analytical measurements of pigments used in tattoo inks is a real challenge when monitoring their quality. UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics could be used to predict pigment contents in tattoo inks. This study sought to determine the pigments red (PR) 170/254 and pigment blue (PB) 15:3 content, purchased from different suppliers, to examine the different chemical structures and existing impurities of the samples. In this study, UV-Vis and FTIR spectra were collected, and regression models were used to analyze the data. There were significant correlations across both spectrum areas, with coefficients of determination for cross validation greater than 0.7 for most parameters. The two spectroscopic methods come to almost identical results with regard to pigment identity. UV-Vis spectroscopy was found to be suitable method for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Chemometric modeling showed improved predictions of FTIR parameters, especially in the functional group and fingerprint region of the spectra. The results highlight the significance of utilizing UV-Vis/IR wavelengths to determine pigment structures in samples from various suppliers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Tattoo Pigments in a Laboratory Setting: Application of UV-Vis and FTIR Spectroscopy Methods supported with Chemometric Modelling

Singh,

Bansod,

Schumann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The disazopyrazolone pigment P.O. 13 may alter cytokine secretion as proved in reconstructed human skin models [ 52 ]. 3-3′-Dichlorobenzidine, a potential decomposition product of P.O.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Adverse Reactions in Tattooed Skin through Histological and Chemical Analysis

Kurz,

Schreiver,

Siewert

et al. 2023

Dermatology

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Background: Just as the number of tattooed people has increased in recent years, so has the number of adverse reactions in tattooed skin. Tattoo colourants contain numerous, partly unidentified substances, which have the potential to provoke adverse skin reactions like allergies or granulomatous reactions. Identification of the triggering substances is often difficult or even impossible. Methods: Ten patients with typical adverse reactions in tattooed skin were enrolled in the study. Skin punch biopsies were taken and the paraffin-embedded specimens were analysed by standard haematoxylin and eosin and anti-CD3 stainings. Tattoo colourants provided by patients and punch biopsies of patients were analysed with different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods and X-ray fluorescence. Blood samples of 2 patients were screened for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Results: Histology showed variable skin reactions such as eosinophilic infiltrate, granulomatous reactions, or pseudolymphoma. CD3+ T lymphocytes dominated the dermal cellular infiltrate. Most patients had adverse skin reactions in red tattoos (n = 7), followed by white tattoos (n = 2). The red tattooed skin areas predominantly contained Pigment Red (P.R.) 170, but also P.R. 266, Pigment Orange (P.O.) 13, P.O. 16, and Pigment Blue (P.B.) 15. The white colourant of 1 patient contained rutile titanium dioxide but also other metals like nickel and chromium and methyl dehydroabietate – known as the main ingredient of colophonium. None of the 2 patients showed increased levels of ACE and sIL-2R related to sarcoidosis. Seven of the study participants showed partial or complete remission after treatment with topical steroids, intralesional steroids, or topical tacrolimus. Conclusions: The combination of the methods presented might be a rational approach to identify the substances that trigger adverse reactions in tattoos. Such an approach might help make tattoo colourants safer in the future if such trigger substances could be omitted.

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“…The results showed that anatase led to a lower effective dose (ED 50 ) for all UV doses, the lowest being when irradiated with UVB light. However, rutile showed higher cell viability compared to anatase at the highest intensity of UVB light [51]. The polymorphic-dependent toxicity is mainly connected with the potential to generate ROS, which can damage the cell membrane.…”

Section: Illuminated Tio 2 -Nps Generate Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, the 2D models do not consider the natural barrier of the skin. Due to the above, many studies have proven that the toxic effects on 2D cell cultures do not reflect in 3D models [50,51].…”

Section: Cytotoxicity As a Response To Photocatalytic Properties Of T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototoxic or Photoprotective?—Advances and Limitations of Titanium (IV) Oxide in Dermal Formulations—A Review

Gackowski

Osmałek

Froelich

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO2 can act as both a photoprotector and photocatalyst, and the potential for its role in both applications increases when present in nanometer-sized crystals. Its sunlight-scattering properties are used extensively in sunscreens. Furthermore, attempts have been made to incorporate TiO2 into dermal formulations of photolabile drugs. However, the propensity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) rendering this material potentially cytotoxic limits its role. Therefore, modifications of TiO2 nanoparticles (e.g., its polymorphic form, size, shape, and surface modifications) are used in an effort to reduce its photocatalytic effects. This review provides an overview of the potential risks arising from and opportunities presented by the use of TiO2 in skin care formulations.

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Phototoxic versus photoprotective effects of tattoo pigments in reconstructed human skin models

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Analyzing Tattoo Pigments in a Laboratory Setting: Application of UV-Vis and FTIR Spectroscopy Methods supported with Chemometric Modelling

Analyzing Tattoo Pigments in a Laboratory Setting: Application of UV-Vis and FTIR Spectroscopy Methods supported with Chemometric Modelling

Investigation of Adverse Reactions in Tattooed Skin through Histological and Chemical Analysis

Phototoxic or Photoprotective?—Advances and Limitations of Titanium (IV) Oxide in Dermal Formulations—A Review

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