Photothermal Self-Excitation of a Phase-Controlled Microcantilever for Viscosity or Viscoelasticity Sensing

Mouro, J.; Paoletti, Paolo; Sartore, Marco; Vassalli, Massimo; Tiribilli, Bruno

doi:10.3390/s22218421

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The possibility of controlling the imposed phase between the direct forcing and the reference demodulating signals has proved interesting for sensing applications, since, as shown, it is not always preferred to work at resonance ( rad), and some different phases may be more advantageous 25 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 1) can be linearized as Equation ( 4) indicates the expected shift of frequency in real-time measurements of a process in which the gas density change by a small amount, around an initial working point. This method is general and can be used to study the responsivity to any other rheological or geometrical parameters 25 .…”

Section: Modelled Responsivity To Density Variations In the Pll The P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This region can be covered with a frequency step of the mentioned 0.0894 Hz (assuming the noise floor is below this frequency step), corresponding to a dynamic range of ~ 80 dB. The possibility of controlling the imposed phase between the direct forcing and the reference demodulating signals has proved interesting for sensing applications, since, as shown, it is not always preferred to work at resonance ( π/2 rad), and some different phases may be more advantageous 25 .…”

Section: Control Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical response and noise limit of a parametrically pumped microcantilever sensor in a Phase-Locked Loop

Mouro

Paoletti

Sartore³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We investigate the response of a digitally controlled and parametrically pumped microcantilever used for sensing in a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). We develop an analytical model for its dynamical response and obtain an explicit dependence on the rheological parameters of the surrounding viscous medium. Linearization of this model allows to find improved responsivity to density variations in the case of parametric suppression. Experiments with a commercial microcantilever validate the model, but also reveal an increase of frequency noise in the PLL associated with the parametric gain and phase, which, in most cases, restricts the attainable limit of detection. The noise in open-loop is studied by measuring the random fluctuations of the noise-driven deflection of the microcantilever, and a model for the power spectral density of amplitude, phase and frequency noises is discussed and used to explain the frequency fluctuations in the closed-loop PLL. This work concludes that parametric pumping in a PLL does not improve the sensing performance in applications requiring detecting frequency shifts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelled Responsivity To Density Variations In the Pll The P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamical response and noise limit of a parametrically pumped microcantilever sensor in a Phase-Locked Loop

Mouro

Paoletti

Sartore³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…These expressions are derived in detail in previous works [30], [31], in which a very similar system was used to measure the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of liquids.…”

Section: B Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Limit of Detection Gas Density Sensing With a Digitally PI-Controlled Microcantilever

Mouro

Paoletti

Sartore³

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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This work describes a new platform for sensing mass or rheological properties of gases with unprecedented responsivity and limits of detection. The system consists of a microcantilever working in a phase-locked loop (PLL) with an imposed phase between its excitation and deflection signals. The optically detected cantilever deflection is demodulated against digitally synthetized reference signals, and the quadrature component (Q-signal) is used as the error parameter in a PI controller, which continuously tracks the oscillation frequency. The direct digital synthesis of the reference and actuation signals allows low-noise and fast-transient responses of the sensor for real-time detection of minute changes of any environmental parameter. A general analytical model is derived, used to understand the dynamical response of the platform, and validated against experiments using different gases and pressures. In particular, the responsivity of the sensor to density variations of the fluids and the stability of its frequency response are studied and measured. It is shown that the responsivity and the achieved limits of detection depend on the chosen phase imposed in the loop. A limit of detection for density variations of 3.5 × 10 −4 kg/m 3 in air is measured, in agreement with the theoretical predictions, and one to two orders of magnitude lower than any reported value achieved with the same type of physical uncoated resonant sensors.

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Single input-single output coupled resonators with nonlinear self-excitation for multiple mass sensing

Yabuno,

Zhang,

Furihata

et al. 2024

International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics

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Photothermal Self-Excitation of a Phase-Controlled Microcantilever for Viscosity or Viscoelasticity Sensing

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Dynamical response and noise limit of a parametrically pumped microcantilever sensor in a Phase-Locked Loop

Dynamical response and noise limit of a parametrically pumped microcantilever sensor in a Phase-Locked Loop

Low Limit of Detection Gas Density Sensing With a Digitally PI-Controlled Microcantilever

Single input-single output coupled resonators with nonlinear self-excitation for multiple mass sensing

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