Phototest: Normative data for the Portuguese population

Abstract

Keywords: cognitive impairment dementia neuropsychological assessment screening test a b s t r a c t Background: The Phototest is a brief cognitive test, which is easy to administer and has better diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness for cognitive impairment and dementia than traditional screening tests. This study aims to obtain the normative data of the Phototest for the Portuguese population and to determine the reliability and convergent validity of the test. Methods: The study enrolled a convenience sample consisting of healthy volunteers (n ¼ 130). The normal distribution of the results was tested. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictive variables for the Phototest. Results: Age and educational level were identified as predictive variables by multiple regression analysis, and these accounted for 58% of the variance in the test results. Therefore, the two variables were included in the table with normative data of the Phototest. The Cronbach a of the test is 0.73. The results of the Phototest correlate positively with the results of other tests. Conclusion: The Phototest results are influenced by age and educational level. Our results point to a good reliability and concurrent validity with a more extensive test. The availability of the Phototest normative data for the Portuguese population based on age and educational level enables the use of a brief screening tool for cognitive functioning.

Normative data of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination

“… 8 – 10 The use of screening tests with high diagnostic utility, simplicity, celerity and with normative data for the target population is central in a time-constrained practice. 11 …”

“…In primary care settings, dementia and cognitive impairment are often underdiagnosed because of the high number of patients by physician and the limits of the available instruments 8–10 . The use of screening tests with high diagnostic utility, simplicity, celerity and with normative data for the target population is central in a time-constrained practice 11 …”

“…[8][9][10] The use of screening tests with high diagnostic utility, simplicity, celerity and with normative data for the target population is central in a time-constrained practice. 11 Recently a third version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) was developed in order to improve previous versions. 12 ACE-III is scored out of 100 and assesses 5 cognitive domains: Attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial functioning.…”

Iranian Brain Imaging Database: A Neuropsychiatric Database of Healthy Brain

“…The first is the influence of culture and genetics on the structure and function of the brain (Batouli et al, 2012;Park & Huang, 2010). Many previous studies have considered this limitation, which led them to collect data for their population-available cognitive functioning test results were normed for the Portuguese population (Dias et al, 2015). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to build normative data for both older Lebanese (Abou-Mrad, 2017) and Spanish (Pereiro et al, 2017) populations.…”