Phototaxis in Daphnia: Interaction of hunger and genotype

Meester, Luc De; Dumont, Henri J.

doi:10.4319/lo.1989.34.7.1322

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This high variability in the range of temperature preferences found among isolates within each lake’s Daphnia population, suggests the existence of niche partitioning that could reduce intra-specific competition among Daphnia isolates by minimizing the resource allocation overlap in the water column as demonstrated in earlier seminal works (De Meester and Dumont, 1988; 1989; Dumont et al, 1985; Weider, 1984). Thermal partitioning through intra-specific competition among genetically distinct Daphnia isolates helps explain not only the high variability in thermal preferences found within lake Daphnia populations, but also how lakes that differ in their physical and chemical attributes can still have the same overall thermal range in their Daphnia populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Daphnia migrate within the water column on a daily basis to avoid predation, a behavior called diel vertical migration (DVM), which exposes them to a wide range of temperatures (Gliwicz, 1986; Lampert, 1989, 1993; Loose, 1993; Sitch, 1989). Additionally, avoidance of inter- and intraspecific competition has also been linked to distinct patterns of Daphnia distribution within the water column (De Meester and Dumont, 1988; 1989; Dumont et al, 1985; Weider, 1984). As surface water temperatures continue to increase as a result of climate change, even large lentic systems such as the Great Lakes are predicted to become more variable, leading to changes in vertical mixing and the degree to which lakes will thermally stratify (Kling et al, 2003; McCormick, 1990; Snucins and Gunn, 2000; Thuiller, 2007; Waal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal variation and factors influencing vertical migration behavior in Daphnia populations

Kennedy

Turner

Colbourne

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermal Biology

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SUMMARY The antipredator behavior diel vertical migration (DVM), common in aquatic keystone species Daphnia, involves daily migration from warmer surface waters before dawn to cooler deeper waters after dusk. Plasticity in Daphnia DVM behavior optimizes fitness via trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and predator avoidance. Migration behavior is affected by co-varying biotic and abiotic factors, including light, predator cues, and anthropogenic stressors making it difficult to determine each factor’s individual contribution to the variation in this behavior. This study aims to better understand this ecologically significant behavior in Daphnia by: (1) determining how Daphnia pulicaria thermal preferences vary within and among natural populations; (2) distinguishing the role of temperature verses depth in Daphnia vertical migration; and (3) defining how two anthropogenic stressors (copper and nickel) impact Daphnia migratory behavior. Simulated natural lake stratification were constructed in 8 L (0.5 m tall, 14.5 cm wide) water columns to monitor under controlled laboratory conditions the individual effects of temperature gradients, depth, and metal stressors on Daphnia vertical migration. Three major findings are reported. First, while no difference in thermal preference was found among the four populations studied, within lake populations variability among isolates was high. Second, decoupling temperature and depth revealed that depth was a better predictor of Daphnia migratory patterns over temperature. Third, exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper or nickel inhibited classic DVM behavior. These findings revealed the high variability in thermal preference found within Daphnia populations, elucidated the individual roles that depth and temperature have on migratory behavior, and showed how copper and nickel can interfere with the natural response of Daphnia to fish predator cues. Thus contributing to the body of knowledge necessary to predict how natural populations of Daphnia will be affected by climate related changes in lake temperatures and increased presence of anthropogenic stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal variation and factors influencing vertical migration behavior in Daphnia populations

Kennedy

Turner

Colbourne

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermal Biology

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“…Nor does the hypothesis explain why migration should occur on a 24-h cycle rather than with some other periodicity, such as the duration of a feeding bout. Also, hunger causes Daphnia magna to become less, rather than more positively phototactic (De Meester and Dumont 1989), as would be implied by the food limitation hypothesis. It appears that, if food supply and hunger modify the vertical migration behavior of zooplankton in any way, it is not through the mechanism proposed above.…”

Section: Alternative Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Demographic Benefits of Diel Vertical Migration by Zooplankton

Ohman¹

1990

Ecological Monographs

282

184

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Three types of diel vertical migration behavior were expressed within a fjord population of the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus newmani: (1) reverse migration (nocturnal descent), (2) normal migration (nocturnal ascent), and (3) no detectable migration. Reverse migration by P. newmani occurred in all three study years, but only at a deep (185 m) station at times of year when normally migrating predatory zooplankton (the copepod Euchaeta elongata, the chaetognath Sagitta elegans, and the omnivorous euphausiid Euphausia pacifica) were abundant. A predator—exclusion "natural experiment" tested the hypothesis that the reverse migration is a predator avoidance mechanism: at a shallow (55 m) station within the same fjord, large predatory zooplankton were absent or reduced markedly in abundance. In conditions of reduced nocturnal predation by predatory zooplankton, no reverse migration by P. newmani was detected on any of 11 cruises, consistent with the hypothesis. Instead, at the shallow station, where diurnal predation by planktivorous fish was of increased importance, normal diel vertical migration by P. newmani was observed on several occasions. No migration was detectable at either the deep station or the shallow station at times of year of low feeding activity of predators in surface waters. The predominant migration behavior (reverse, normal, or no migration) varied depending whether the primary source of mortality was predation by nocturnally feeding zooplankton or visually hunting planktivorous fish, and appeared unrelated to resource distributions or temperature gradients. The relative advantage of the three migration behaviors is explored with theoretical life table analyses. Re—examination of the demographic advantage hypothesis proposed by McLaren (1974) illustrates that vertical migration across a thermocline carries a fitness cost, not a benefit. The realized rate of increase of a migrant population of Pseudocalanus is found to be lower than a nonmigrant population for all combinations of surface temperatures, positive thermal stratification, and ratios of mortality for early and late developmental stages. However, avoidance of predators by vertical migrants reverses the outcome of this analysis. Predator avoidance by Pseudocalanus, accompanied by reduced mortality rates, confers a fitness advantage upon a population that migrates across a thermocline. Remarkably small reductions in mortality rates (as little as 12%) confer this advantage, whether migrants avoid nonvisually hunting predatory zooplankton by night or visually hunting planktivorous fish by day. The behavioral variation documented here confirms that diel vertical migration is dynamic rather than a fixed, invariant behavioral trait within a population. In environments where predation pressure and other factors vary through time, studies of limited scope and short duration are unlikely to illuminate the ultimate causes for diel vertical migration. The heritability of the vertical migration trait is unclear. The different phenotypic responses refl...

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“…The mussel shrimp Heterocypris sp., in particular, is highly tolerant to different environmental conditions, as expected in freshwater species with a wide geographical distribution (Yılmaz and Külk-öylüoglu 2006). Furthermore, dechlorinated tap water is often used for freshwater crustaceans (De Meester and Dumont 1989;Hanazato and Ooi 1992;Oda et al 2007) and tadpoles (e.g. Kiesecker et al 1996;Saidapur et al 2009) in ecotoxicological and ecological laboratory experiments.…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostracoda and Amphibia in temporary ponds: who is the prey? Unexpected trophic relation in a mediterranean freshwater habitat

Ottonello¹,

Romano

2010

Aquat Ecol

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Small and temporary freshwater ecosystems are important biodiversity ''hot spots'' of the Mediterranean region, and their food webs are considered as very complex systems. Amphibians and ostracods are two highly ubiquitous classes of metazoans adapted to live in temporary ponds. Their trophic interactions are considered unidirectional, the amphibians acting as predators and the ostracods as preys. In the field, we observed the opposite interaction in few ponds in Northern Italy. To confirm this qualitative evidence, we set up laboratory experiments to investigate the predation by the Ostracod mussel shrimp (Heterocypris incongruens) on eggs and tadpoles of Common toad (Bufo bufo) and Stripless tree frog (Hyla meridionalis). Amphibian eggs of both species were offered to ostracods either as unique trophic resource or, alternatively, together with another kind of food. Similarly, tadpoles of both species were simultaneously offered to ostracods (with alternative food) to disclose their preferences. Ostracods preyed mainly on amphibian eggs and no significant differences in the rate of predation between toad and treefrog eggs were detected. However, ostracods preferred Bufo when offered along with Hyla tadpoles. Toad eggs and larvae are commonly considered highly unpalatable, but our results contrasted this view. The difference in the predation rate between the two tadpole species is discussed in the light of their swimming behaviour. We show that feeding relationships between Amphibia and Ostracoda are much more complex than expected and depend on both the ecological context and amphibian life stage. The knowledge of the trophic connections among taxa is a fundamental prerequisite to further and more exhaustive studies on community ecology.

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Phototaxis in Daphnia: Interaction of hunger and genotype

Abstract: The effect of hunger on the phototactic behavior of Daphnia magna was tested experimentally. Four different clones were used, selected for their different phototactic responses when well fed. A two‐way ANOVA revealed significant effects of both genotype and satiation.

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Thermal variation and factors influencing vertical migration behavior in Daphnia populations

Thermal variation and factors influencing vertical migration behavior in Daphnia populations

The Demographic Benefits of Diel Vertical Migration by Zooplankton

Ostracoda and Amphibia in temporary ponds: who is the prey? Unexpected trophic relation in a mediterranean freshwater habitat

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