Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Water Relation Responses of Three Tallgrass Prairie Species to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Moderate Drought

Hamerlynck, Erik P.; McAllister, Christine A.; Knapp, Alan K.; Ham, Jay M.; Owensby, Clenton E.

doi:10.1086/297474

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The combination of carbohydrate production, which is determined by photosynthetic rate and leaf area, and the consumption of carbohydrates for growth, respiration, storage, and root exudation, account for most of the overall growth enhancement under conditions of eCO 2 (Morison and Lawlor 1999). The negative effect of eCO 2 on A in C 4 species at HS might be offset by the positive effects of eCO 2 on leaf area, respiration, and water use efficiency (Owensby et al 1993(Owensby et al , 1999Hamerlynck et al 1997), or the imbalance between source (photosynthesis) and sink (growth). Consistent with the finding that LMA (leaf mass per unit area, the inverse of SLA) increases at higher CO 2 levels (Poorter et al 2009), in our Biomass response to eCO 2 in C 3 , C 4 , legume, and non-legume species at different temperature treatments for whole-plant dry weight (W T ; a), above-ground dry weight (W AG ; b), and below-ground dry weight (W BG ; c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

et al. 2011

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and global mean temperature are expected to be significantly higher by the end of the 21st century. Elevated CO(2) (eCO(2)) and higher temperature each affect plant physiology and growth, but their interactive effects have not been reviewed statistically with respect to higher chronic mean temperatures and abrupt heat stress. In this meta-analysis, we examined the effect of CO(2) on the physiology and growth of plants subjected to different temperature treatments. The CO(2) treatments were categorized into ambient (<400 ppm) or elevated (>560 ppm) levels, while temperature treatments were categorized into ambient temperature (AT), elevated temperature (ET; AT + 1.4-6°C), or heat stress (HS; AT + >8°C). Plant species were grouped according to photosynthetic pathways (C(3), C(4)), functional types (legumes, non-legumes), growth forms (herbaceous, woody), and economic purposes (crop, non-crop). eCO(2) enhanced net photosynthesis at AT, ET, and HS in C(3) species (especially at the HS level), but in C(4) species, it had no effect at AT, a positive effect at ET, and a negative effect at HS. The positive effect of eCO(2) on net photosynthesis was greater for legumes than for non-legumes at HS, for non-crops than crops at ET, and for woody than herbaceous species at ET and HS. Total (W (T)) and above- (W (AG)) and below-ground (W (BG)) biomass were increased by eCO(2) for most species groups at all temperatures, except for C(4) species and W (BG) of legumes at HS. Hence, eCO(2) × heat effects on growth were often not explained by effects on net photosynthesis. Overall, the results show that eCO(2) effects on plant physiology and growth vary under different temperature regimes, among functional groups and photosynthetic pathways, and among response variables. These findings have important implications for biomass accumulation and ecosystem functioning in the future when the CO(2) level is higher and climate extremes, such as heat waves, become more frequent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

et al. 2011

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“…No species shift response is given for the Negev grassland since the study ran for just one growing season. * Parenthetical descriptors indicate observations of: (1) leaf photosynthetic acclimation (ac), resulting in lowered photosynthetic capacity, (2) leaf water use efficiency (lf), and (3) experiments, increases in photosynthesis could be attributed to increased soil moisture and improved plant water relations rather than the direct CO 2 effect (Jackson et al 1994;Morgan et al 1994aMorgan et al , 2001LeCain and Morgan 1998;LeCain et al 2003), particularly for C 4 species (Hamerlynck et al 1997;Owensby et al 1997;Adam et al 2000). However, evidence for direct photosynthetic enhancements due to CO 2 were also observed, generally in C 3 species (Jackson et al 1994;Stocker et al 1997;Niklaus and Körner 2004), but occasionally in C 4 species as well (Anderson et al 2001;Morgan et al 2001a).…”

Section: Leaf Gas Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while leaf-level conductance under elevated CO 2 was often 20-50% of ambient, ecosystem-scale effects on ET and soil moisture rarely exceeded 20% Field et al 1997;Fredeen et al 1997;Owensby et al 1997;Hamerlynck et al 1997;Stocker et al 1997;Niklaus et al 1998a;Zavaleta 2001;Grünzweig and Körner 2001a;Lund 2002;Polley et al 2002;Nelson et al 2004;Nowak et al 2004). For example, in the calcareous grassland, leaf conductance was approximately halved in most species, including the dominant grass Bromus erectus (Lauber and Körner 1997).…”

Section: Plant/soil Water Relations and Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, see inset panel) and soil water status Owensby et al 1997;Hamerlynck et al 1997;Polley et al 2002). Ham et al (1995) reported fairly substantial impacts on water balance in the tallgrass prairie, with 22% reductions in daily ET under elevated CO 2 .…”

Section: Plant/soil Water Relations and Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Kansas tallgrass prairie, dominant C 4 grasses control in large part the water relations and biomass responses to CO 2 enrichment (Hamerlynck et al 1997;Owensby et al 1997;Adam et al 2000), and the effect of CO 2 enrichment was more important in relatively dry years. In the shortgrass steppe, low soil and plant N resulted in consistent photosynthetic acclimation that precluded direct photosynthetic responses of C 3 grasses to CO 2 enrichment (Morgan et al 2001a;LeCain et al 2003).…”

Section: Native and Semi-natural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2

et al. 2004

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Atmospheric CO2 enrichment may stimulate plant growth directly through (1) enhanced photosynthesis or indirectly, through (2) reduced plant water consumption and hence slower soil moisture depletion, or the combination of both. Herein we describe gas exchange, plant biomass and species responses of five native or semi-native temperate and Mediterranean grasslands and three semi-arid systems to CO2 enrichment, with an emphasis on water relations. Increasing CO2 led to decreased leaf conductance for water vapor, improved plant water status, altered seasonal evapotranspiration dynamics, and in most cases, periodic increases in soil water content. The extent, timing and duration of these responses varied among ecosystems, species and years. Across the grasslands of the Kansas tallgrass prairie, Colorado shortgrass steppe and Swiss calcareous grassland, increases in aboveground biomass from CO2 enrichment were relatively greater in dry years. In contrast, CO2-induced aboveground biomass increases in the Texas C3/C4 grassland and the New Zealand pasture seemed little or only marginally influenced by yearly variation in soil water, while plant growth in the Mojave Desert was stimulated by CO2 in a relatively wet year. Mediterranean grasslands sometimes failed to respond to CO2-related increased late-season water, whereas semiarid Negev grassland assemblages profited. Vegetative and reproductive responses to CO2 were highly varied among species and ecosystems, and did not generally follow any predictable pattern in regard to functional groups. Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO2 on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO2-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions. For landscape scale predictions, this analysis calls for a clear distinction between biomass responses due to direct CO2 effects on photosynthesis and those indirect CO2 effects via soil moisture as documented here.

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Photosynthetic responses of Larrea tridentata to a step-increase in atmospheric CO2at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility

Hamerlynck

Huxman

Nowak

et al. 2000

Journal of Arid Environments

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Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Water Relation Responses of Three Tallgrass Prairie Species to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Moderate Drought

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2

Photosynthetic responses of Larrea tridentata to a step-increase in atmospheric CO2at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility

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