Photosynthetic Efficiencies and Photorespiration in Calvin Cycle and C<sub>4</sub>‐Dicarboxylic Acid Plants<sup>1</sup>

Bull, T. A.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183x000900060015x

Cited by 58 publications

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“…The transfer of atmospheric CO 2 to BS cells is unique to C 4 photosynthesis, since it leads to concentration of CO 2 at the site of the reaction of Rubisco (Furbank et al, 1989(Furbank et al, , 1990b. This CO 2 -concentrating mechanism, together with specific properties of photosynthetic enzymes, configurations of intracellular and intercellular transporters, and modifications in leaf anatomy, allows C 4 plants to achieve higher photosynthetic efficiency than C 3 plants (Bull, 1969). C 4 photosynthesis allows fast biomass accumulation with high nitrogen and water use efficiency (Smith, 1976;Sage, 2004).…”

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C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

et al. 2010

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Leaves of C 4 grasses (such as maize [Zea mays], sugarcane [Saccharum officinarum], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor]) form a classical Kranz leaf anatomy. Unlike C 3 plants, where photosynthetic CO 2 fixation proceeds in the mesophyll (M), the fixation process in C 4 plants is distributed between two cell types, the M cell and the bundle sheath (BS) cell. Here, we develop a C 4 genome-scale model (C4GEM) for the investigation of flux distribution in M and BS cells during C 4 photosynthesis. C4GEM, to our knowledge, is the first large-scale metabolic model that encapsulates metabolic interactions between two different cell types. C4GEM is based on the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) model (AraGEM) but has been extended by adding reactions and transporters responsible to represent three different C 4 subtypes (NADP-ME [for malic enzyme], NAD-ME, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase). C4GEM has been validated for its ability to synthesize 47 biomass components and consists of 1,588 unique reactions, 1,755 metabolites, 83 interorganelle transporters, and 29 external transporters (including transport through plasmodesmata). Reactions in the common C 4 model have been associated with well-annotated C 4 species (NADP-ME subtypes): 3,557 genes in sorghum, 11,623 genes in maize, and 3,881 genes in sugarcane. The number of essential reactions not assigned to genes is 131, 135, and 156 in sorghum, maize, and sugarcane, respectively. Flux balance analysis was used to assess the metabolic activity in M and BS cells during C 4 photosynthesis. Our simulations were consistent with chloroplast proteomic studies, and C4GEM predicted the classical C 4 photosynthesis pathway and its major effect in organelle function in M and BS. The model also highlights differences in metabolic activities around photosystem I and photosystem II for three different C 4 subtypes. Effects of CO 2 leakage were also explored. C4GEM is a viable framework for in silico analysis of cell cooperation between M and BS cells during photosynthesis and can be used to explore C 4 plant metabolism.

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C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

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“…Older leaves, in contrast, had much slower rates of dark respiration, but high rates of photorespiration. Our estimation of photorespiratory rates was based on indirect measurements which have been used by other authors as well (1,5,13). Since In the light, leaves of many higher plants evolve carbon dioxide and take up oxygen.…”

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Changes of Photorespiratory Activity with Leaf Age

Salin¹,

Homann²

1971

Plant Physiol.

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We have discovered that younger leaves do not exhibit the same large increase in photosynthesis as do older ones when the oxygen tension is lowered. This phenomenon was observed in various tobacco and citrus species and indicated less photorespiration in young leaves. Activities of glycolate oxidase and of glyoxylate reductase were found to be significantly lower in younger leaves than in more mature ones from the same plant. Measurements of the dark respiration were done manometrically. Leaf slices were placed over water on small wire coils as described by Schmid (17). The side arm contained 0.2 ml of 20% KOH.

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“…This model uses the relationship between the solar radiation intensity and photoassimilate production calculated through the data obtained by Bull (1969). The simulation of solar radiation capture is made using Beer's Law with an extinction coefficient ranging from 0.48 to 0.58 depending on the variety and the leaf area index -LAI increased as a function of thermal time up to 750 degrees, from there on it decreases (Scarpari, 2007).…”

Section: Modelo Fisiológico Para a Estimativa Da Maturação Em Cana-dementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological model to estimate the maturity of sugarcane

Scarpari

Beauclair²

2009

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) grows in different weather and management conditions which directly affect crop maturation. These conditions lead to the necessity of quantifying crop response to different stimuli for planning purposes. Forecast models for the quality of raw material are important tools in sugarcane farming, especially the forecast curve of sucrose accumulation in shoots. The goal of these models is to supply yield estimates during the crop cycle, aiming to characterize alternatives and to increase the efficacy for management and strategic decisions. The objective of this project was to develop empiric models capable of obtaining estimates of total recoverable sugar (TRS), for the varieties RB72454, SP81-3250 and SP80-1842 during the crop cycle, using reference data as the production factors. Sugarcane harvest results obtained in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil were analyzed using the following parameters: maturation, stand age, type of soil, variety, flowering and management for the crops in the years 1998/99, 1999/00, 2000/01, 2001/02 and 2002/03. Models developed for these years were used to estimate TRS from the 2003/04 cropping season. All the forecast models for ratoon crops were significant indicating that they are an excellent tool to optimize agricultural planning. Key words: climatology, crop models, productivity, regression, sucrose MODELO FISIOLÓGICO PARA A ESTIMATIVA DA MATURAÇÃO EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCARRESUMO: A cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é submetida a diferentes condições ambientais e de manejo durante o seu desenvolvimento, o que afeta diretamente a maturação. Assim, surge a necessidade de se quantificar as respostas da cultura aos diferentes estímulos para fins de planejamento. Modelos de previsão da qualidade da matéria-prima tornam-se ferramentas importantes na lavoura canavieira, em especial a previsão da curva de acúmulo de sacarose nos colmos, objetivando suprir estimativas de rendimento ao longo da safra, visando à caracterização das alternativas de manejo, aumentando a eficácia das decisões gerenciais e estratégicas. Desenvolveram-se modelos empíricos capazes de obter estimativas de ATR -Açúcar Total Recuperável nas variedades RB72454, SP81-3250 e SP80-1842 ao longo da safra, utilizando dados referentes aos fatores de produção. Foram analisados os resultados de colheita realizados no município de Piracicaba -SP, dos anos safras

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Photosynthetic Efficiencies and Photorespiration in Calvin Cycle and C₄‐Dicarboxylic Acid Plants¹

Cited by 58 publications

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C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

Changes of Photorespiratory Activity with Leaf Age

Physiological model to estimate the maturity of sugarcane

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Photosynthetic Efficiencies and Photorespiration in Calvin Cycle and C4‐Dicarboxylic Acid Plants1

Cited by 58 publications

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C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

Changes of Photorespiratory Activity with Leaf Age

Physiological model to estimate the maturity of sugarcane

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Photosynthetic Efficiencies and Photorespiration in Calvin Cycle and C₄‐Dicarboxylic Acid Plants¹