Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light Environments

Pearcy, Robert W.; Krall, John P.; Sassenrath-Cole, Gretchen F.

doi:10.1007/0-306-48135-9_13

Cited by 87 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Therefore, daily carbon gain and final yield cannot only be estimated from an average value of the global radiation over the whole cropping season. In fact, studies have highlighted the non-linear response of photosynthesis to light, particularly for plants growing in fluctuating and heterogeneous environments (Pearcy et al, 1996;Retkute et al, 2015). In fact, a developmental and dynamic acclimation process can takes place (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Artru

Garré

Dupraz

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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a b s t r a c tA stumbling block to the adoption of silvoarable agroforestry systems is the lack of quantitative knowledge on the performance of different crops when competing for resources with trees. In North-Western Europe, light is likely to be the principal limiting resource for understorey crops, and most agronomic studies show a systematic reduction of final yield as shade increases. However the intensity of the crop response depends on both the environmental conditions and the shade characteristics. This study addressed the issue by monitoring winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, productivity and quality under artificial shade provided by military camouflage shade-netting, and using the Hi-sAFe model to relate the artificial shade conditions to those applying in agroforestry systems.The field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years (2013-14 and 2014-15) on the experimental farm of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium. The shade structures recreated two shade conditions: periodic shade (PS) and continuous shade (CS), with the former using overlapping military camouflage netting to provide discontinuous light through the day, and the latter using conventional shade cloth. The experiment simulated shading from a canopy of late-flushing hybrid walnut leaves above winter wheat. Shading was imposed 16 (2013-14) and 10 (2014-15) days before flowering and retained until harvest. The crop experienced full light conditions until the maximum leaf area index stage (LAI max ) had been reached. In both years, LAI followed the same dynamics between the different treatments, but in 2013-2014 an attack of the take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) reduced yields overall and prevented significant treatment effects. In season 2014-15 the decrease in global radiation reaching the crop during a period of 66 days (CS: -61% and PS: -43%) significantly affected final yield (CS: -45% and PS: -25%), mainly through a reduction of the average grain weight and the number of grain per m 2 . Grain protein content increased by up to 45% under the CS treatment in 2015. Nevertheless, at the plot scale, protein yield (t/ha) did not compensate for the final grain yield decrease.The Hi-sAFe model was used to simulate an agroforestry plot with two lines of walnut trees running either north-south or east-west. The levels of artificial shade levels applied in this experiment were compared to those predicted beneath trees growing with similar climatic conditions in Belgium. The levels used in the CS treatment are only likely to occur real agroforestry conditions on 10% of the cropped area until the trees are 30 years old and only with east-west tree row orientation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Artru

Garré

Dupraz

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…Thus (A s × 100) can be used to calculate the induction state, which is equivalent to IS t calculated in Equation (1). IS 1 , IS 2 , IS 10 serve as indicators of the stomatal and RuBisCO limitations imposed by the induction requirement (Pearcy et al 1996) at t = 1, 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2 and 10 min, respectively. Also, the time required to reach 90% of full induction (T 90 ) after 60 min of shade (95-100 µmol/m 2 /s PPFD) was calculated for each species as described by Urban et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When plants experience a change from high to low irradiance, a photosynthesis deactivation process occurs due to Photosynthetic response to different light intensities and water status of two main Nothofagus species of southern Patagonian forest, Argentina a reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) (Kirschbaum et al 1988) and an increase in biochemical limitations (Tinoco-Ojanguren, Pearcy 1993). In plants transient from low to high irradiance there is an increase in photosynthesis rate (A) to the maximum A, defined as the 'induction phase' of photosynthesis (Sassenrath-Cole, Pearcy 1994), and it dependents on the previous activity status of photosynthetic enzymes and on gs (Pearcy et al 1996). Several authors have linked regeneration growth to light availability in Nothofagus forest (Martínez Pastur et al 1999;Caldentey et al 2005).…”

Section: Journal Of Forest Science 55 2009 (3): 101-111mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Sassenrath-Cole and Tausz et al 2005). In contrast, stomatal opening may cause a continuing further increase in photosynthesis rate for up to 60 min (Pearcy et al 1996). The rate of decrease in A under low PPFDs and the responses during induction could be used as physiological indicators to define shade-tolerant species from a physiological perspective.…”

Section: Effect Of Light Intensity and Induction Of Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic response to different light intensities and water status of two main Nothofagus species of southern Patagonian forest, Argentina

Peri¹,

Pastur²,

Lencinas³

2009

J. For. Sci.

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Net photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) of leaves of Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica seedlings were measured at different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs, 20, 150, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,200 µmol/m 2 /s) and after 60 minutes of shade to determine the rate of photosynthetic induction after seedling transition from low to high PPFD. A and gs were also measured to evaluate the responses to water stress and the tolerance to waterlogging. N. pumilio had higher A values than N. antarctica for all light intensities measured with the maximum value of 16.8 µmol CO 2 /m 2 /s saturated at 1,000 µmol/m 2 /s PPFD. Values of gs for both Nothofagus species also declined as light intensity decreased. The times required for full induction of A were 18 and 27 minutes after the increase of PPFD (full sun) for N. pumilio and N. antarctica, respectively. There was a negative relationship between A and water stress, expressed as pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψ lp ), where the reduction in gs was the main factor that reduced A in both species. Tolerance to waterlogging was related with changes in A and gs where N. antarctica was more tolerant. These photosynthetic results of Nothofagus leaves to fluctuating light, water stress and waterlogging could be used to estimate the responses of regeneration to environmental conditions under the dynamics of natural stands, after silvicultural practices and for restoration plans.

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“…O excesso de radiação solar pode causar um prejuízo direto à planta, afetando a assimilação de CO 2 através da fotossíntese, devido a um processo conhecido como fotoinibição, sendo bastante comum em plantas que possuem as chamadas folhas de sombra, com características estruturais e concentração de pigmentos adaptados a baixa intensidade de luz (PEARCY et al, 1996). Também, o excesso de energia pode afetar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas de maneira indireta por meio, por exemplo, de uma demanda excessiva de água, causando estresse hídrico mesmo havendo água disponível no solo (LARCHER, 1995).…”

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Alterações microclimáticas causadas pelo uso de tela plástica

et al. 2004

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RESUMO:Com o objetivo de caracterizar as alterações microclimáticas provocadas pelo uso de tela plástica na agricultura, foi desenvolvido um experimento com alface, em área de cultivo agrícola, em Alegre -ES (latitude 20º45'S, longitude 41º28'W e altitude 150 m), no período de setembro a dezembro de 1996. Foram utilizados sombreamentos de 0; 30; 50, e 70%, segundo especificação comercial. Os resultados mostraram que a tela com especificação comercial de 50% de sombreamento provocou uma atenuação média de 41% na radiação solar global, ocorrendo, no entanto, uma flutuação significativa ao longo do dia em função do movimento aparente do sol. A cobertura com a tela plástica não provocou alterações significativas da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Em relação à temperatura do solo, foi possível verificar uma atenuação com o aumento do sombreamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:microclima, tela plástica, sombreamento. MICROCLIMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY PLASTIC SCREEN USES SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to determine the micrometeorological alterations caused by plastic screen uses in agriculture. The experiment with lettuce was carried out in Alegre (20º45'S, 41º28'W -150 m), Espírito Santo State, Brazil, during September to December, 1996. Measurements were done under plastic screen with 0; 30; 50, and 70% of solar radiation reduction (attenuation) according to commercial specification. Results showed that attenuation was less than commercial specification and there was a diurnal fluctuation as a function of solar zenital angle. A reduction in soil temperature under shading was also observed.KEYWORDS: microclimate, plastic screen, shading. INTRODUÇÃOEm algumas regiões do Brasil, tem crescido o uso de tela plástica na agricultura com o objetivo de atenuar a densidade de fluxo de radiação solar, possibilitando o cultivo, principalmente de olerícolas, em épocas com alta disponibilidade energética. A caracterização dessa atenuação da radiação solar é importante, pois afeta os outros componentes do balanço de energia, como os fluxos de calor sensível e latente, além do processo fotossintético.Diversos trabalhos têm mostrado que o uso de sombreamento artificial através de ripados ou telas plásticas causa uma modificação no balanço de energia radiante, propiciando características mais adequadas às espécies de baixo ponto de saturação luminosa (SEDYAMA & PRATES, 1986). SALVATIERRA et al. (1991), BURIOL et al. (1994) e SOUZA et al. (1995 mostram que o uso de tela de polietileno provoca uma redução da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, bem como na porção do infravermelho próximo, além de alterar a temperatura do ar e do solo.

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Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light Environments

Cited by 87 publications

References 94 publications

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Photosynthetic response to different light intensities and water status of two main Nothofagus species of southern Patagonian forest, Argentina

Alterações microclimáticas causadas pelo uso de tela plástica

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