Photosynthesis in Aspen Bark

Pearson, Lorentz C.; Lawrence, Donald B.

doi:10.2307/2439638

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, in agreement with previous reports examining the chlorophyll content of green bark tissues in various woody plants (Pearson and Lawrence 1958;Ivanov et al 1990;Muthuchelian 1992;Aschan et al 2001;Pfanz et al 2002), total chlorophyll content (Chl a + b) expressed per gram fresh weight in bark chlorenchyma during the summer was considerably lower (40%) compared to needles. In addition, the content of all other pigments was also much lower, the most affected being violaxanthin (26%).…”

Section: Pigment Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Following the initial report of photosynthesis by bark chlorenchymes (Pearson and Lawrence 1958), photosynthetic activity in chlorophyll-containing stem and bark tissues has been reported in a wide variety of woody species (Adams and Strain 1969;Kriedemann and Buttrose 1971;Foote and Schaedle 1976;Pilarski 1995;Pfanz 1999;Schmidt et al 2000;Wittmann et al 2001;Aschan et al 2001). Ultrastructural studies of chlorophyll containing stem tissues have found welldeveloped chloroplasts with a large number of appressed grana stacks and a limited number of stromal thylakoids (Kriedemann and Buttrose 1971;Ames and Tepper 1978;Larcher et al 1988;Ivanov et al 1990;Buns et al 1993;van Cleve et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Ivanov

Król

Sveshnikov

et al. 2005

Planta

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Winter-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles is accompanied by a 65% reduction of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), measured as Fv/Fm, but relatively stable photosystem I (PSI) activity. In contrast, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine twigs was shown to be well preserved, while PSI capacity was severely decreased. Low-temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence measurements also revealed lower relative fluorescence intensity emitted from PSI in bark chlorenchyma compared to needles regardless of the growing season. Nondenaturating SDS-PAGE analysis of the chlorophyll-protein complexes also revealed much lower abundance of LHCI and the CPI band related to light harvesting and the core complex of PSI, respectively, in bark chlorenchyma. These changes were associated with a 38% reduction in the total amount of chlorophyll in the bark chlorenchyma relative to winter needles, but the Chl a/b ratio and carotenoid composition were similar in the two tissues. As distinct from winter pine needles exhibiting ATP/ADP ratio of 11.3, the total adenylate content in winter bark chlorenchyma was 2.5-fold higher and the estimated ATP/ADP ratio was 20.7. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in needles attached to the twig recovered significantly faster (28-30 h) then in detached needles. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed a high reduction state of Q(A) and the PQ-pool in the green bark tissue. The role of bark chlorenchyma and its photochemical performance during the recovery of photosynthesis from winter stress in Scots pine is discussed.

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Section: Pigment Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Ivanov

Król

Sveshnikov

et al. 2005

Planta

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“…(trembling aspen), a broad-leaved, deciduous angiosperm. The capacity of P. tremuloides bark for photosynthetic refixation is well documented (Pearson and Lawrence 1958;Strain and Johnson 1963;Schaedle 1976, 1978;Brayman and Schaedle 1982;Schaedle and Brayman 1986;Kharouk et al 1995). Photosynthetic refixation approaching 80% of dark respiration was recently reported in Pinus monticola branches (Cernusak and Marshall 2000).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbon isotope discrimination in photosynthetic bark

et al. 2001

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We developed and tested a theoretical model describing carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthesis in tree bark. Bark photosynthesis reduces losses of respired CO from the underlying stem. As a consequence, the isotopic composition of source CO and the CO concentration around the chloroplasts are quite different from those of photosynthesizing leaves. We found three lines of evidence that bark photosynthesis discriminates against C. First, in bark of Populus tremuloides, the δC of CO efflux increased from -24.2‰ in darkness to -15.8‰ in the light. In Pinus monticola, the δC of CO efflux increased from -27.7‰ in darkness to -10.2‰ in the light. Observed increases in δC were generally in good agreement with predictions from the theoretical model. Second, we found that δC of dark-respired CO decreased following 2-3 h of illumination (P<0.01 for Populus tremuloides, P<0.001 for Pinus monticola). These decreases suggest that refixed photosynthate rapidly mixes into the respiratory substrate pool. Third, a field experiment demonstrated that bark photosynthesis influenced whole-tissue δC. Long-term light exclusion caused a localized increase in the δC of whole bark and current-year wood in branches of P. monticola (P<0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Thus bark photosynthesis was shown to discriminate against C and create a pool of photosynthate isotopically lighter than the dark respiratory pool in all three experiments. Failure to account for discrimination during bark photosynthesis could interfere with interpretation of the δC in woody tissues or in woody-tissue respiration.

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“…Clearly, chlorophyll content depends on the age of the stem organ and on its exposure to light (Pearson and Lawrence 1958). The sun-exposed upper sides of twigs and branches greatly differ in their content from shaded parts that are hidden deeply in the tree crowns.…”

Section: Chloroplasts and Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corticular photosynthesis is mainly CO 2 re-fixation The first observations of the existence of photosynthesis in the inner bark of trees were probably those of Schneider (1903), Scott (1907) and Cannon (1905Cannon ( , 1908 at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Several attempts have been made to qualitatively prove its existence or even quantify rates of carbon assimilation (Larsen 1939;Geurten 1950;Ziegler 1957;Pearson and Lawrence 1958;Strain and Johnson 1963;Kriedemann and Buttrose 1971;Perry 1971;Schaedle 1975;Schaedle 1976a, b, 1978). Since then great efforts have been made to understand bark photosynthesis from an ecophysiological point of view as well (Pilarski 1984(Pilarski , 1990(Pilarski , 1993Larcher et al 1988;Langenfeld-Heyser 1989;Kharouk et al 1995;Solhaug et al 1995;Pfanz and Wobus 1998;Pfanz et al , 2001Pfanz 1999;Cernusak and Marshall 2000;Schmidt et al 2000).…”

Section: Stem Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and ecophysiology of tree stems: corticular and wood photosynthesis

Pfanz

Aschan

Langenfeld-Heyser

et al. 2002

Naturwissenschaften

251

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Below the outer peridermal or rhytidomal layers, most stems of woody plants possess greenish tissues. These chlorophyll-containing tissues (the chlorenchymes) within the stems are able to use the stem internal CO2 and the light penetrating the rhytidome to photoassimilate and produce sugars and starch. Although net photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is rarely found, stem internal re-fixation of CO2 in young twigs and branches may compensate for 60-90% of the potential respiratory carbon loss. Isolated chlorenchymal tissues reveal rather high rates of net photosynthesis (being up to 75% of the respective rates for leaf photosynthesis). Corticular photosynthesis is thus thought to be an effective mechanism for recapturing respiratory carbon dioxide before it diffuses out of the stem. Furthermore, chloroplasts of the proper wood or pith fraction also take part in stem internal photosynthesis. Although there has been no strong experimental evidence until now, we suggest that the oxygen evolved during wood or pith photosynthesis may play a decisive role in avoiding/reducing stem internal anaerobiosis.

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Photosynthesis in Aspen Bark

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine

Carbon isotope discrimination in photosynthetic bark

Ecology and ecophysiology of tree stems: corticular and wood photosynthesis

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