Photosynthesis governed by nanoparticulate titanium dioxide. The Pisum sativum L. case study

Comparative analysis of chemically and green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for the regulation of photosynthesis in Lactuca sativa L.

“…It is generally believed that NPs can accumulate in plant tissues through roots or leaves, but no consistent results have been obtained regarding the effects of NPs on plants. TiO 2 NPs not only improve crop growth 14 and enhance stress tolerance, 5 but also cause abnormalities in metabolism, 15 gene expression, 16 and mineral nutrient uptake. 17 Typically, mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main organelles attacked by nanopesticides, where chloroplasts are closely related to plant growth and very sensitive to environmental pollutants as the energy synthesis factory of plants.…”