Photosynthesis engineered to increase rice yield

Long, Stephen P.

doi:10.1038/s43016-020-0038-5

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This parallels the previous findings for rice leaves in the vegetative growth stage ( Acevedo-Siaca et al , 2020 ) and suggests that the predominant limitation to photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation at steady state and non-steady state throughout the life cycle of rice is consistently due to the in vivo capacity and, presumably, amount of Rubisco. This is also consistent with the recent observation that transgenic up-regulation of Rubisco in rice significantly increases paddy yield ( Long, 2020 ; Yoon et al , 2020 ). One caveat is that this analysis is based on C i and not the CO 2 concentration at Rubisco ( C c ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Variation between rice accessions in photosynthetic induction in flag leaves and underlying mechanisms

Acevedo‐Siaca

Coe

Quick

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Several breeding initiatives have sought to improve flag leaf performance as its health and physiology are closely correlated to rice yield. Previous studies have described natural variation of photosynthesis for flag leaves; however, none have examined their performance under the non-steady-state conditions that prevail in crop fields. Photosynthetic induction is the transient response of photosynthesis to a change from low to high light. Rice flag leaf photosynthesis was measured in both steady- and non-steady-state conditions to characterize natural variation. Between the lowest and highest performing accession there was a 152% difference for average CO2 assimilation during induction (Ā300), a 77% difference for average intrinsic water-use efficiency during induction (iWUEavg), and a 185% difference for the speed of induction (IT50), indicating plentiful variation. No significant correlation was found between steady- and non-steady-state photosynthetic traits. Additionally, neither measures of steady-state or non-steady-state photosynthesis of flag leaves correlated with the same measures of leaves in the vegetative growth stage, with the exception of iWUEavg. Photosynthetic induction was measured at six [CO2], to determine biochemical and diffusive limitations to photosynthesis in vivo. Photosynthetic induction in rice flag leaves was limited primarily by biochemistry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Variation between rice accessions in photosynthetic induction in flag leaves and underlying mechanisms

Acevedo‐Siaca

Coe

Quick

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…These results indicate that enhancement of photosynthesis is of the greatest importance for a further increase in the yield of high-yielding cultivars with a large sink size. While there has been a dispute as to whether photosynthesis improvement leads to an increase in cereal crop yields 35 , we have actually shown that an increase in photosynthesis by overproducing Rubisco results in increased rice yields under field conditions 36,37 Thus, improving photosynthesis is a possible target for realizing a further increase in yield of today's high-yielding cultivars. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ conclusions The world's population is now exponentially increasing and is predicted to reach 10 billion by the middle of this century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

High yielding ability of a large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63

Makino

Kaneta

Obara

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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to increase the yield potential while limiting the environmental impact of n management practices is an important issue in rice cultivation. The large-grain rice cultivar Akita 63 showed higher N-use efficiency for grain production. To elucidate this, we analyzed yield characteristics of Akita 63 in comparison with those of a maternal cultivar, oochikara with a large grain, a paternal cultivar, Akita 39 with a normal grain, and a Japanese leading cultivar, Akitakomachi. The yields of Akita 63 were 20% higher than those of Oochikara and Akita 39, and 50% higher than those of Akitakomachi for the same N application. Akita 63 showed superior N uptake capacity. Whereas a trade-off between single grain weight and grain number was found for Oochikara, Akita 63 did not show such a relationship. The success in Akita 63 breeding was due to overcoming such a trade-off. Akita 63 had the large-grain alleles of GS3 and qSW5. thus, an enlargement of grain size can have a great impact on an increase in yield with improved N-use efficiency. However, an enlargement of sink capacity led to source limitation. thus, both sink and source improvements are essential for a further increase in the yield of today's high-yielding cultivars.

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“…Photosynthesis is considered to be a key process that determines N response and NUE in crops ( Long, 2020 ), through the regulation of associated genes in rice ( Kumari et al, 2021 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Mandal et al, 2022 ). We sought to further validate these findings using contrasting genotypes in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

et al. 2022

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The genetic basis for nitrogen (N)-response and N use efficiency (NUE) must be found in N-responsive gene expression or protein regulation. Our transcriptomic analysis of nitrate response in two contrasting rice genotypes of Oryza sativa ssp. Indica (Nidhi with low NUE and Panvel1 with high NUE) revealed the processes/functions underlying differential N-response/NUE. The microarray analysis of low nitrate response (1.5 mM) relative to normal nitrate control (15 mM) used potted 21-days old whole plants. It revealed 1,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exclusive to Nidhi and 666 exclusive to Panvel1, apart from 70 common DEGs, of which 10 were either oppositely expressed or regulated to different extents. Gene ontology analyses revealed that photosynthetic processes were among the very few processes common to both the genotypes in low N response. Those unique to Nidhi include cell division, nitrogen utilization, cytoskeleton, etc. in low N-response, whereas those unique to Panvel1 include signal transduction, protein import into the nucleus, and mitochondria. This trend of a few common but mostly unique categories was also true for transporters, transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications, indicating their differential involvement in Nidhi and Panvel1. Protein-protein interaction networks constructed using DEG-associated experimentally validated interactors revealed subnetworks involved in cytoskeleton organization, cell wall, etc. in Nidhi, whereas in Panvel1, it was chloroplast development. NUE genes were identified by selecting yield-related genes from N-responsive DEGs and their co-localization on NUE-QTLs revealed the differential distribution of NUE-genes between genotypes but on the same chromosomes 1 and 3. Such hotspots are important for NUE breeders.

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Photosynthesis engineered to increase rice yield

Abstract: An engineered increase in Rubisco production has increased photosynthetic capacity, rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in an experimental paddy field. This demonstrates a key means to sustainably increasing yield and global food security.

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Variation between rice accessions in photosynthetic induction in flag leaves and underlying mechanisms

Variation between rice accessions in photosynthetic induction in flag leaves and underlying mechanisms

High yielding ability of a large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

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