“…Trivalent rare-earth ions Er and Tm doped phosphate, silicate, gemanite and tellurite glasses have been developed for infrared active optical devices [4][5][6][7][8]. Recently, research focus on rare-earth doped glasses is not limited to infrared optical devices, and there is a growing interest in visible optical devices [9][10]. With the increasing demand of various visible lasers and light sources, further investigations in other rare-earth ions, such as Dy, Tb, Sm and Eu ions, are becoming more important [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”