Photosensitizing Agents and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Robinson, Sarah N.; Zens, Michael S.; Perry, Ann E.; Spencer, Steven K.; Duell, Eric J.; Karagas, Margaret R.

doi:10.1038/jid.2013.33

Cited by 117 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There have been reports a significant increase in the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and early-onset basal cell carcinoma in individuals who had used photosensitizing medication [32,33]. They show a 1.3 increase in odds of SCC with diuretic use, supporting a previously quoted 1.6 odds increase of SCC with diuretic use.…”

Section: Eyelidsupporting

confidence: 51%

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The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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Abstract:With decreasing levels of ozone in the atmosphere, we are being exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than ever before. UVR carries higher energy than visible light, and its effects on tissues include DNA damage, gene mutations, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the eye, UVR is strongly associated with the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, pterygium, photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, cataracts, and uveal melanoma, and is weakly associated with age-related macular degeneration. Despite overwhelming evidence regarding the deleterious effects on UVR, public health measures to encourage UV protection of the eyes is generally lacking. Options for photoprotection include sunglasses, wide brim hats, windshields, plastic films for side windows in cars, UV blocking contact lenses, and following the UV Index report daily. The American National Standards Institute currently has regulations regarding properties of UV blocking sunglasses; however, compliance in the US is not mandatory. On the other hand, UVR does have therapeutic applications in the eye, particularly, riboflavin activated by ultraviolet A light (UVA) radiation is used clinically to slow the progression of keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, and bullous keratopathy by crosslinking corneal collagen fibers. OPEN ACCESSPhotonics 2014, 1 348 Additionally, riboflavin activated by UVA has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. This is clinically relevant in the treatment of infectious keratitis. Finally, exposure to low levels of light in the UV spectrum has been found to regulate the growth of the eye and lack of adequate exposure may increase the risk of development and progression of myopia.

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Section: Eyelidsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…However, other studies show no relation, thus CV disease may be a confounding variable. Robinson et al reported a link with tetracycline use and BCC risk [33]. The link needs to be further studied, but the consensus is to take special care in patient education with use of these agents.…”

Section: Eyelidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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“…An approximation of the relative risk, known as an odds ratio, can be calculated (Mann, 2003). Robinson et al (2013) identified patients with NMSC (cases) matched by age and gender to a population of control subjects within the same geographic region. Subjects were assessed for use of photosensitizing medications and odds ratios were calculated.…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects were assessed for use of photosensitizing medications and odds ratios were calculated. This allowed the authors to postulate that the risk of developing certain skin cancers was enhanced by use of these medications (Robinson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Evaluation of Clinical Research Study Designs

Besen

Gan

2014

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Interventional and observational studies have important roles in dermatology. The results from any study must be put in the context of the appropriate research design selection. RCTs are most useful in determining causality and effectiveness of treatment. Observational studies provide information about epidemiology and possible links between exposure and disease. Understanding the fundamentals underlying the various study designs is critical to both investigators and clinicians alike.

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“…20/100.000 Behandlungsjahre), sodass erst nach der 1-jährigen Behandlung mehrerer 1000 RA-Patienten mit einer zusätzlich therapieinduzierten Melanomerkrankung gerechnet [11] werden muss und die generell positive Nutzen-Risiko-Bilanz der TNFBlockade nicht beeinträchtigt erscheint. [22]. Die oben erwähnte MedicareStudie [21] ergab auch, dass eine TNFInhibitor-Therapie mit einem numerisch leicht erhöhten, aber statistisch nicht signifikanten NMSC-Risiko behaftet war.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Hautmalignome und immunmodulierende Antirheumatikatherapie

et al. 2016

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For the clinical practice there is uncertainty as to what degree the therapeutic immunomodulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a weakening of protective tumor immunity. Neoplasms of the skin in particular are known to exhibit increased incidence rates in association with therapeutic immunosuppression in transplantation medicine; however, the immunosuppression required for the prevention of allogenic graft rejection is much more intensive and thus not directly transferable to the potential risks for an onset or relapse of melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), e.g. spinocellular and basal cell carcinomas in association with the antirheumatic treatment of RA. This review covers the association of RA and its pharmacotherapy with conventional synthetic (cs) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) on the basis of a systematic literature search. The incidence rates of NMSC are twice as high in biologicnaive RA patients compared to the general population, whereas the respective incidence rates for melanoma do not differ. A biologic treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers compared with administration of csDMARD only has a minor, if any effect on the increase of NMSC risk but is associated with a trend towards an elevated incidence rate of new onset melanoma although significance level was not reached in all of the reviewed studies. The data on non-TNF blocking biologics is sparse. Accordingly, it is inappropriate to draw any strong conclusions on potentially associated skin cancer risks from the present lack of safety signals. The consideration of individual risk factors, recommendations on sufficient UV protection and regular skin monitoring may serve to improve the safety of DMARD therapy in RA

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Photosensitizing Agents and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

A Critical Evaluation of Clinical Research Study Designs

Hautmalignome und immunmodulierende Antirheumatikatherapie

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