Photosensitizer Anchored Nanoparticles: A Potential Material for Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Detection and treatment of cancer have been demanding areas with the increase in cancer and malignant diseases across the globe. Photodynamic therapy is a multi‐step treatment procedure using photosensitizers as a drug in the presence of light. Photosensitizers anchored on different nanomaterials through covalent and non‐covalent interactions contribute significantly to photodynamic therapy. Nanoparticles have been employed as promising carriers to transport photosensitizers to the target cells. Photosensitizer functionalized nanoparticles are more effective in terms of stability and water solubility than bare ones. This review is a brief account of different types of nanoparticles functionalized on photosensitizers currently used for photodynamic therapy. We have focused on photosensitizer anchored organic, inorganic, and carbon‐based nanomaterials, which can be effectively used in photodynamic therapy.

Comparative radiosensitization efficiency assessment of graphene oxide and Ti3C2 MXene as 2D carbon-based nanoparticles against breast cancer cells: characterization, toxicity and mechanisms

“…However, the sparing of adjacent normal tissue is important when applying high x-ray dose irradiation to effectively eliminate cancer cells [6,7]. Currently, developing a new approach based on the simultaneous utilization of an external physical stimulation and nanoparticles (NPs) as a photosensitizer/radiosensitizer agent has been proposed to locally enhance radiation dose in case of cancer cell treatment [8][9][10][11].…”

Editorial: Next generation nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy

“…The cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the interaction of non-toxic photoactivable molecules (photosensitizers) with dioxygen leads to cancer cell death with a good cosmetic outcome (Pham et al, 2021). Despite the good progress made with photosensitizer (PS)-mediated PDT, this treatment modality has some limitations, such as PS aggregation, low solubility in physiological media, and tissue/ cell specificity (Gunaydin et al, 2021).Recently, several studies based on hybrid nanoparticles were conducted to improve the selectivity and PDT outcome of PSs (Babu et al, 2022). These hybrid materials can circumvent the limitations of conventional PS drugs, increasing their solubility in biological media and improving PS uptake in targets (Lim et al, 2013).…”

“…Recently, several studies based on hybrid nanoparticles were conducted to improve the selectivity and PDT outcome of PSs ( Babu et al, 2022 ). These hybrid materials can circumvent the limitations of conventional PS drugs, increasing their solubility in biological media and improving PS uptake in targets ( Lim et al, 2013 ).…”