Photosensitized singlet oxygen and its applications

DeRosa, Maria C.

doi:10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00034-6

Cited by 2,576 publications

(2,259 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Significant phototoxicity is probably a result of efficient generation of singlet oxygen in the presence of the stacked, redemitting form of the dye which is known to have a long triplet state (19,20). Imaging is also complicated by fluorescent signal from RNA-bound AO in the cytoplasm which degrades image contrast and renders small weakly stained vesicles undetectable.…”

Section: Advantages and Shortcomings Of Ao Lysotracker And Qa Labelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long‐term tracking of acidic vesicles

2014

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Acidic vesicles can be imaged and tracked in live cells after staining with several low molecular weight fluorescent probes, or with fluorescently labeled proteins. Three fluorescent dyes, acridine orange, LysoTracker Red DND-99, and quinacrine, were evaluated as acidic vesicle tracers for confocal fluorescence imaging and quantitative analysis. The stability of fluorescent signals, achievable image contrast, and phototoxicity were taken into consideration. The three tested tracers exhibit different advantages and pose different problems in imaging experiments. Acridine orange makes it possible to distinguish acidic vesicles with different internal pH but is fairly phototoxic and can cause spectacular bursts of the dye-loaded vesicles. LysoTracker Red is less phototoxic but its rapid photobleaching limits the range of useful applications considerably. We demonstrate that quinacrine is most suitable for long-term imaging when a high number of frames is required. This capacity made it possible to trace acidic vesicles for several hours, during a process of drug-induced apoptosis. An ability to record the behavior of acidic vesicles over such long periods opens a possibility to study processes like autophagy or long-term effects of drugs on endocytosis and exocytosis. V C 2014International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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Section: Advantages and Shortcomings Of Ao Lysotracker And Qa Labelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long‐term tracking of acidic vesicles

2014

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“…58,59 We designed our novel, but representative complexes inspired by the work of Islam 54,55 and Abrahamson et al 56 For complex 1, we decided to use 4,7-1,10-diphenylphenanthroline (DIP) as the polypyridyl ligand since [Ru(DIP)3] 2+ is a known PS with a high 1 O2 yield (0.97 in MeOD). 60 Islam et al reported that the absorbance of ruthenium complexes of the type (Ru(X)2(L), where X is a simple polypyridyl ligand, can be tuned by careful choice of L (two examples, Ru(dcbpy)(NCS)2 and Ru(dcbpy)(bdt) are shown in Fig. 1; dcbpy: 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine, bdt: 1,2-benzenedithiol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of New Ru(II) Polypyridyl Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

et al. 2014

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Two Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, Ru(DIP)2(bdt) (1) and [Ru(dqpCO2Me)(ptpy)](2+) (2) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate, dqpCO2Me = 4-methylcarboxy-2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine), ptpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2 -terpyridine) have been investigated as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In our experimental settings, the phototoxicity and phototoxic index (PI) of 2 (IC50(light): 25.3 M, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm(2); PI >4) and particularly of 1 (IC50(light): 0.62 M, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm(2); PI: 80) are considerably superior compared to the two clinically approved PSs porfimer sodium and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Cellular uptake and distribution of these complexes was investigated by confocal microscopy (1) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1 and 2). Their phototoxicity was also determined against the Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli for potential antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) applications. Both complexes showed significant aPDT activity (420 nm, 8 J/cm(2)) against Gram-(+) (S. aureus; >6 log10 CFU reduction) and, for 2, also against Gram-(-) E. coli (>4 log10 CFU reduction). Two Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, Ru(DIP)2(bdt) (1) and [Ru(dqpCO2Me)(ptpy)] 2+ (2) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate; dqpCO2Me = 4-methylcarboxy-2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine); ptpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) have been investigated as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In our experimental settings, the phototoxicity and photo-index (PI) of 2 (IC50(light): 25.3 μM, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm 2 ; PI: >4) and particularly of 1 (IC50(light): 0.62 μM, 420 nm, 6.95 J/cm 2 ; PI: 80) are considerably superior compared to the two clinically approved PSs porfimer sodium and 5-aminolevulinic. Cellular uptake and distribution of these complexes was investigated by confocal microscopy (1) and by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1 and 2). Their phototoxicity was also determined against the Gram-(+) S. aureus and Gram-(−) E. coli for potential antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) applications. Both complexes showed significant aPDT activity (420 nm, 8 J/cm 2 ) against Gram-(+) (S. aureus; >6 log10 CFU reduction) and, for 2, also against Gram-(−) E. coli (>4 log10 CFU reduction). 3Introduction.

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“…enable production processes without the need to isolate the potentially dangerous peroxide intermediates. 26 The generation, application and biological impact of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) have been reviewed, 2,27 as well as its use with an emphasis on synthetic organic photochemistry. [28][29][30][31][32] Correspondingly, there is a need for new 3 PSs as the typically employed organic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) or rose bengal (RB), exhibit a lack of long-term stability and wavelength coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of acridine and acridinium-substituted bis(terpyridine)zinc(ii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes as photosensitizers for O2 (1Δg) generation

Eberhard

Peuntinger

Rath

et al. 2014

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The homoleptic zinc(II) and ruthenium(II) metal complexes of bis(tridentate) 9-acridine and 10-methyl-9-acridinium-substituted terpyridines were tested for their suitability as triplet photosensitizers (PS) using the photooxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) to Juglone as a model reaction. Singlet oxygen (O 2 1 Δ g ) generation is superior or comparable to Ru(bpy) 3 2+ for the acridine complexes, whereas the acridinium complexes are ineffective. The molecular structure of the bis(9-(5-([2,2':is determined by X-ray structure analysis, whereas for other complexes DFT calculations were performed for structural parameters to obtain insights into their electronic properties.

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Photosensitized singlet oxygen and its applications

Cited by 2,576 publications

References 81 publications

Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long‐term tracking of acidic vesicles

Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long‐term tracking of acidic vesicles

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of New Ru(II) Polypyridyl Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

A study of acridine and acridinium-substituted bis(terpyridine)zinc(ii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes as photosensitizers for O2 (1Δg) generation

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