Photoresist functionalisation method for high-density protein microarrays using photolithography

Goudar, Venkanagouda S.; Suran, Swathi; Varma, Manoj M.

doi:10.1049/mnl.2012.0336

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…100 Photolithography benets from parallel microarray fabrication where, instead of individual spot fabrication, the entire substrate can be coated and patterned at once. 101 Further, it is a highly reproducible technique for fabricating highly complex geometries. 101 However, while photolithography can be used for creating extremely dense microarrays, they are limited to the evaluation of a single protein at any one time.…”

Section: Photolithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical comparison of protein microarray fabrication technologies

Romanov

Davidoff

Miles

et al. 2014

Analyst

151

105

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Of the diverse analytical tools used in proteomics, protein microarrays possess the greatest potential for providing fundamental information on protein, ligand, analyte, receptor, and antibody affinity-based interactions, binding partners and high-throughput analysis. Microarrays have been used to develop tools for drug screening, disease diagnosis, biochemical pathway mapping, protein-protein interaction analysis, vaccine development, enzyme-substrate profiling, and immuno-profiling. While the promise of the technology is intriguing, it is yet to be realized. Many challenges remain to be addressed to allow these methods to meet technical and research expectations, provide reliable assay answers, and to reliably diversify their capabilities. Critical issues include: (1) inconsistent printed microspot morphologies and uniformities, (2) low signal-to-noise ratios due to factors such as complex surface capture protocols, contamination, and static or no-flow mass transport conditions, (3) inconsistent quantification of captured signal due to spot uniformity issues, (4) non-optimal protocol conditions such as pH, temperature, drying that promote variability in assay kinetics, and lastly (5) poor protein (e.g., antibody) printing, storage, or shelf-life compatibility with common microarray assay fabrication methods, directly related to microarray protocols. Conventional printing approaches, including contact (e.g., quill and solid pin), non-contact (e.g., piezo and inkjet), microfluidics-based, microstamping, lithography, and cell-free protein expression microarrays, have all been used with varying degrees of success with figures of merit often defined arbitrarily without comparisons to standards, or analytical or fiduciary controls. Many microarray performance reports use bench top analyte preparations lacking real-world relevance, akin to "fishing in a barrel", for proof of concept and determinations of figures of merit. This review critiques current protein-based microarray preparation techniques commonly used for analytical and function-based proteomics and their effects on array-based assay performance.

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Section: Photolithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical comparison of protein microarray fabrication technologies

Romanov

Davidoff

Miles

et al. 2014

Analyst

151

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of the lower operational cost associated with photolithography, it is currently one of the mainstream techniques for the creation of protein and cell patterns (54)(55)(56). As for EBL, patterns are generated when features from a mask, the master, are transferred to a substrate of choice by exposure to UV light.…”

Section: Photolithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends and Challenges in Biointerfaces Science and Engineering

Ross

Lahann²

2015

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

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The cellular microenvironment is extremely complex, and a plethora of materials and methods have been employed to mimic its properties in vitro. In particular, scientists and engineers have taken an interdisciplinary approach in their creation of synthetic biointerfaces that replicate chemical and physical aspects of the cellular microenvironment. Here the focus is on the use of synthetic materials or a combination of synthetic and biological ligands to recapitulate the defined surface chemistries, microstructure, and function of the cellular microenvironment for a myriad of biomedical applications. Specifically, strategies for altering the surface of these environments using self-assembled monolayers, polymer coatings, and their combination with patterned biological ligands are explored. Furthermore, methods for augmenting an important physical property of the cellular microenvironment, topography, are highlighted, and the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Finally, the progress of materials for prolonged stem cell culture, a key component in the translation of stem cell therapeutics for clinical use, is featured.

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“…33 Nonetheless, it is a technique that has been frequently exploited in the generation of protein and cell patterns. [51][52][53] In the photolithography process, patterns are generated, when features on a mask are transmitted to a substrate (usually a polymer) by exposure to light. Typical photomasks are comprised of optically transparent materials (at the wavelength used for patterning) and may be Channel geometry limits pattern diversity.…”

Section: Photolithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface engineering the cellular microenvironment via patterning and gradients

Ross

Lahann

2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Cell organization, proliferation, and differentiation are impacted by diverse cues present in the cellular microenvironment. As a result, the surface of a material plays an important role in cellular function. Synthetic surfaces may be augmented by physical as well as chemical means. In particular, patterning and interfacial gradients may be utilized to mitigate the cellular response. Patterning is advantageous as it affords control over a range of feature sizes from several nanometers to millimeters. Gradients exist in vivo, for instance in stem cell niches, and the ability to create interfacial gradients in vitro can provide valuable insights into the influence of a series of minute surface changes on a single sample. This review focuses on fabrication methods for generating micro-and nanoscale surface patterns as well as interfacial gradients, the impact of these surface modifications on the cellular response, and the advantages and challenges of these surfaces in in vitro applications. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 775-794

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Photoresist functionalisation method for high-density protein microarrays using photolithography

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

A critical comparison of protein microarray fabrication technologies

A critical comparison of protein microarray fabrication technologies

Current Trends and Challenges in Biointerfaces Science and Engineering

Surface engineering the cellular microenvironment via patterning and gradients

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