Photoregulation systems for light-oriented chloroplast movement

Yatsuhashi, Hiroko

doi:10.1007/bf02344539

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, chloroplasts in the protonemal cells accumulated in the area that had been irradiated by a beam with a higher fluence rate, compared to adjacent areas that had been irradiated with beam of lower fluence rates of blue or red light. This result suggests that the amount or activity of the signal was increased when exposed to a beam with a higher fluence rate (Yatsuhashi et al, 1987;Yatsuhashi, 1996). Third and most importantly, the speed of signals (about 0.6-2.4 µm min -1 ) was much slower than that caused by calcium ion spiking or waves known to occur in plant and animal systems (about several µm sec -1 to 100 µm sec -1 ) (Tsuboi & Wada, 2010a, b).…”

Section: Physiological Properties Of Putative Signals In Chloroplast mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement: A Sophisticated Strategy for Chloroplasts to Perform Efficient Photosynthesis

Suetsugu¹,

Wada²

2012

Advances in Photosynthesis - Fundamental Aspects

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Section: Physiological Properties Of Putative Signals In Chloroplast mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement: A Sophisticated Strategy for Chloroplasts to Perform Efficient Photosynthesis

Suetsugu¹,

Wada²

2012

Advances in Photosynthesis - Fundamental Aspects

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“…In several plant species, linearly polarized light has a dichroic effect in inducing the movements of chloroplasts (Zurzycki 1967;Haupt and Scheuerlein 1990;Yatsuhashi 1996;Kagawa and Wada 2000), suggesting that the photoreceptor molecules are fixed in the cortical cytoplasm along the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the activities of light-dependent autophosphorylation of the blue-light photoreceptors phot1 and phot2 were associated with membrane fractions (Liscum and Briggs 1995;Christie et al 2002).…”

Section: Blue-light Perception In the Avoidance Response Of Chloroplastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-light-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the avoidance response of chloroplasts in epidermal cells of Vallisneria gigantea

Sakurai

Domoto

Takagi

2004

Planta

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In leaf epidermal cells of the aquatic angiosperm Vallisneria gigantea Graebner, high-intensity blue light induces the actin-dependent avoidance response of chloroplasts. By semi-quantitative motion analysis and phalloidin staining, time courses of the blue-light-induced changes in the mode of movement of individual chloroplasts and in the configuration of actin filaments were examined in the presence and absence of a flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium. In dark-adapted cells, short, thick actin bundles seemed to surround each chloroplast, which was kept motionless in the outer periclinal cytoplasm of the cells. After 10 min of irradiation with high-intensity blue light, a rapid, unidirectional movement of chloroplasts was induced, concomitant with the appearance of aggregated, straight actin bundles stretched over the outer periclinal cytoplasm. Diphenylene iodonium inhibited the avoidance response of chloroplasts, apparently by delaying a change in the mode of chloroplast movement from random sway to unidirectional migration, by suppressing the appearance of aggregated, straight actin bundles. In partially irradiated individual cells, redistribution of chloroplasts and reorganization of actin filaments occurred only in the areas exposed to blue light. From the results, we propose that the short, thick actin bundles in the vicinity of chloroplasts function to anchor the chloroplasts in dark-adapted cells, and that the aggregated, straight actin bundles organized under blue-light irradiation provide tracks for unidirectional movement of chloroplasts.

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“…Lightinduced chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis is regulated by blue light and can be separated into two separate responses, depending on light intensity: an accumulation response to low light intensities, which helps maximize light capture for photosynthesis, and an avoidance response to high light intensities, which ameliorates the potentially damaging effects of excess light energy (15,16). npl1 has recently been shown to regulate the avoidance movement of chloroplasts in response to highintensity blue light (17,22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis nph1 and npl1: Blue light receptors that mediate both phototropism and chloroplast relocation

Sakai

Kagawa

Kasahara

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

661

707

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UV-A͞blue light acts to regulate a number of physiological processes in higher plants. These include light-driven chloroplast movement and phototropism. The NPH1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes an autophosphorylating protein kinase that functions as a photoreceptor for phototropism in response to low-intensity blue light. However, nph1 mutants have been reported to exhibit normal phototropic curvature under high-intensity blue light, indicating the presence of an additional phototropic receptor. A likely candidate is the nph1 homologue, npl1, which has recently been shown to mediate the avoidance response of chloroplasts to high-intensity blue light in Arabidopsis. Here we demonstrate that npl1, like nph1, noncovalently binds the chromophore flavin mononucleotide (FMN) within two specialized PAS domains, termed LOV domains. Furthermore, when expressed in insect cells, npl1, like nph1, undergoes light-dependent autophosphorylation, indicating that npl1 also functions as a light receptor kinase. Consistent with this conclusion, we show that a nph1 npl1 double mutant exhibits an impaired phototropic response under both low-and highintensity blue light. Hence, npl1 functions as a second phototropic receptor under high fluence rate conditions and is, in part, functionally redundant to nph1. We also demonstrate that both chloroplast accumulation in response to low-intensity light and chloroplast avoidance movement in response to high-intensity light are lacking in the nph1 npl1 double mutant. Our findings therefore indicate that nph1 and npl1 show partially overlapping functions in two different responses, phototropism and chloroplast relocation, in a fluence rate-dependent manner.L ight is an important environmental factor controlling plant growth and development. In particular, wavelengths in UV-A (320-390 nm) and blue (390-500 nm) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum act to regulate a range of different plant responses. These processes include de-etiolation, photoentrainment of the circadian clock, floral initiation, phototropic curvature, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening (1-3). Much of our understanding of blue light perception in higher plants has come from the isolation of blue-light-response mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Indeed, molecular genetic studies have shown that the effects of blue light on plant development are mediated by at least four different blue-light receptors in Arabidopsis: cryptochrome 1 (cry1), cryptochrome 2 (cry2), phototropin (nph1, for non-phototropic hypocotyl 1), and the npl1 (nph1-like 1) protein.The phototropin photoreceptor, nph1, mediates both root and hypocotyl phototropism in response to low-fluence-rate unilateral blue light (Ͻ1 mol⅐m Ϫ2 ⅐s Ϫ1 ) (4, 5). Nph1 is a 120-kDa plasma-membrane-associated protein that contains a serine͞ threonine kinase domain located within its C terminus. Furthermore, the N-terminal region of nph1 contains a repeated motif of 110 aa, designated LOV1 and LOV2, that belong to the PAS domain (found in PER, ARNT, and SIM proteins) superfamil...

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Photoregulation systems for light-oriented chloroplast movement

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement: A Sophisticated Strategy for Chloroplasts to Perform Efficient Photosynthesis

Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement: A Sophisticated Strategy for Chloroplasts to Perform Efficient Photosynthesis

Blue-light-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the avoidance response of chloroplasts in epidermal cells of Vallisneria gigantea

Arabidopsis nph1 and npl1: Blue light receptors that mediate both phototropism and chloroplast relocation

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