Photorefractive properties of iron-doped stoichiometric lithium niobate

Furukawa, Yasunori; Kitamura, Kenji; Ji, Yafei; Montemezzani, Germano; Zgonik, M.; Medrano, C.; Günter, Peter

doi:10.1364/ol.22.000501

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Note that (12) and (13) are valid only in the regime where there is a domination of the bulk photovoltaic current. Therefore, these equations can be typically applied to congruently melting crystals in transmission geometry.…”

Section: Effect Of Carrier Mobility In Normal Holographic Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

Adibi

Buse

2001

Appl Phys B

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Abstract.We investigate the role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO 3 crystals. Both normal holographic recording (single wavelength, single trap) and twocenter recording are considered, and the differences between the performances of the two methods are explained. We show that increasing mobility by using stoichiometric crystals or by doping with Mg does not improve sensitivity considerably, but does reduce M/# by at least one order of magnitude. 42.40.Pa; 42.40.Ht Volume holographic storage systems are tried and tested with photorefractive crystals as the recording medium [1]. In such systems, the inhomogeneous illumination created by the interference of the reference and signal beams excites charge carriers from impurity levels into the conduction or valence bands, the charge carriers migrate and they are trapped by empty impurities elsewhere. A space-charge field builds up and modulates the refractive index via the electro-optic effect. PACS:The important material properties are sensitivity (S), dynamic range (M/#) and persistence (or non-destructive readout). For several years, lack of persistence was the major drawback of holographic storage in photorefractive crystals, and several methods (thermal fixing [2], electrical fixing [3], two-photon recording [4], frequency-difference holograms [5] and readout with wavevector spectra [6] ) were proposed to solve this problem. More recently, two-center holographic recording was proposed and demonstrated [7,8]. Two-center recording makes storage of persistent holograms possible without sacrificing the dynamic range and sensitivity considerably [9]. The sensitivity of the widely used congruently melting LiNbO 3 crystals, however, is still not very * Corresponding author.(Fax: +1-404/894-4641, E-mail: adibi@ece.gatech.edu) good. Therefore, the main challenge in holographic storage in LiNbO 3 crystals is the improvement of the sensitivity.Sensitivity is a measure of recording speed. It is defined as the initial recording slope of the square root of the diffraction efficiency normalized to recording intensity and material thickness. Recording and erasure time constants in holographic recording are approximately inversely proportional to the mobility of the carriers responsible for recording (i.e., electrons in the conduction band or holes in the valence band). Holograms can be recorded faster if we increase the mobility of carriers responsible for recording. Therefore, one idea for increasing sensitivity could be to increase the carrier mobility. In almost all holographic recording experiments in LiNbO 3 , these carriers are electrons in the conduction band. It is suggested that the mobility of these electrons (µ) can be varied by changing the stoichiometry of LiNbO 3 : congruently melting LiNbO 3 crystals (typical ratio of Li to Nb about 94%) have a lower electron mobility than perfectly stoichiometric crystals (ratio of Li to Nb equal to 1). It is also suggested that the mobility of electrons in the conduction band of LiNbO 3 can be varied by ...

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Section: Effect Of Carrier Mobility In Normal Holographic Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the photoconductivity (σ) of a LiNbO 3 crystal can be increased by increasing the stoichiometry [12] or by doping the crystal with so-called damage-resistant impurities (e.g. Mg or Zn) [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

Adibi

Buse

2001

Appl Phys B

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“…The congruent LiNbO 3 (CLN) has, however, disadvantages such as low response speed and low resistance to photo-damage, which limit their usage for holograph storage [4]. The stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (SLN) crystal shows significant improvement in some photorefractive properties and the response speed of SLN crystals is two orders higher than that of CLN crystals [5,6]. TSSG is a method for the growth of SLN crystals [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and optical properties of near stoichiometric Ce:LiNbO₃ crystals

Fan¹,

Zhao

2007

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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The near sotichiometric Ce:LiNbO 3 (Ce:SLN) crystals were grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method by adding K 2 O flux to Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 melt. Their UV-vis absorption spectra and IR spectra were measured and discussed to investigate their defect structure. The results showed that the grown crystals were near stoichiometric and Ce ions in the crystals located the Li site. Photorefractive properties of Ce:SLN crystals were studied by two-wave coupling experiment. The results of the two-wave coupling experiments of the crystals showed that as the CeO 2 doping concentrations increased, the diffraction efficiency increased, photoconductivity decreased and the writing time and erasure time increased.

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“…Recently, the stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (SLN) crystal has attracted much attention for its improvements in many physical properties as compared with CLN crystal [16][17][18][19][20]. The SLN crystals show larger electro-optical and nonlinear effects than those of the CLN crystals [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of Mn²⁺Paramagnetic Ion in a Stoichiometric LiNbO₃Single Crystal

Yeom¹,

Lee²

2013

Journal of Magnetics

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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Mn2+ impurity ion in Stoichiometric LiNbO 3 single crystal (SLN) was investigated with an X-band EPR spectrometer in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K. The intensity of EPR spectrum of Mn 2+ ion was increased to 20 K and decreased again below 20 K as the temperature decreases. The zero-field splitting parameter D decreased as the temperature increases. It was suggested that Mn 2+ ion substitute for Nb 5+ ion instead of Li + ion. No changes for hyperfine interaction of Mn 2+ion was obtained in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K.

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Photorefractive properties of iron-doped stoichiometric lithium niobate

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

Structure and optical properties of near stoichiometric Ce:LiNbO₃ crystals

Temperature Dependence of Mn²⁺Paramagnetic Ion in a Stoichiometric LiNbO₃Single Crystal

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Photorefractive properties of iron-doped stoichiometric lithium niobate

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

Structure and optical properties of near stoichiometric Ce:LiNbO3 crystals

Temperature Dependence of Mn2+Paramagnetic Ion in a Stoichiometric LiNbO3Single Crystal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Structure and optical properties of near stoichiometric Ce:LiNbO₃ crystals

Temperature Dependence of Mn²⁺Paramagnetic Ion in a Stoichiometric LiNbO₃Single Crystal