Preoperative maximum retinal thickness and retinal contraction were predictive of better postoperative visual acuity, while patients with a preoperative attenuated foveal ellipsoid zone were most likely to improve. Patients with preoperative pseudoholes had slightly worse visual acuity postoperatively. Although better preoperative vision was associated with better postoperative vision, it was associated with less change in visual acuity, emphasizing the importance of careful consideration of the desired surgical goals before advising surgery for ERM.