Photoprotective and antioxidant effects of Rhubarb: inhibitory action on tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase activities and TNF-α, IL-1α and α-MSH production in human melanocytes

Abstract

BackgroundExposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes various forms of acute and chronic skin damage, including immunosuppression, inflammation, premature aging and photodamage. Furthermore, it induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, produces proinflammatory cytokines and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and increases tyrosinase activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential photoprotective effects of Rheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract on human UV-stimulated melanocytes.MethodsThe effects of Rheum rhaponticum rhizome extract on tyrosine kinase activity, and on interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and α-MSH production in human epidermal melanocytes were evaluated under UV-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by lipid peroxidation and 1,1-dyphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays, while anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated by the mushroom tyrosinase method.ResultsRheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract showed in vitro antioxidant properties against lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging and anti-tyrosinase activities, and inhibited the production of IL-1α, TNF-α, α-MSH, and tyrosine kinase activity in melanocytes subjected to UV radiation.ConclusionsThese results support the inclusion of Rheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract into cosmetic, sunscreen and skin care products for the prevention or reduction of photodamage.

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous Rhizome Extract of Rheum officinale Baillon

“…Recent accumulating evidence shows that several species of the Rheum genus such as Rheum emodi, Rheum undulatum L., Rhizoma Rhei, Rheum ribes, Rheum palmatum L., and Rheum rhaponticum have antiallergic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiangiogenesis, and anti-in ammation properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In relation to antioxidant capacity, anthraquinone derivates are considered to be one of the major biologically active constituents of aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol physcion, and danthron from the rhizomes of Rheum undulatum L. and Rheum palmatum L. [11,12,19,21].…”

Evaluation of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira Extracts on Tyrosinase Suppressor, Wound Repair Promoter, and Antioxidant

“…Skin, made up of three layer cells including, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, is the largest vertebrates organ in the human body. Human skin is commonly exposed to oxidative stresses from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and free radicals as well as its induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 1 , 2 ], which are the common reasons for tumor genesis or skin aging. To protect skin from UV radiation, skin operates complex defense system including skin thickening, pigment synthesis, and a network of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms [ 2 ].…”

“…Human skin is commonly exposed to oxidative stresses from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and free radicals as well as its induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 1 , 2 ], which are the common reasons for tumor genesis or skin aging. To protect skin from UV radiation, skin operates complex defense system including skin thickening, pigment synthesis, and a network of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms [ 2 ]. In addition to a significant responsibility, in the prevention of human skin UV-caused damage, which increases melanocytes transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes, melanin determines skin color [ 3 ].…”

“…Skin as the first immune defense line of human plays a noteworthy role in avoiding various biological, chemical, mechanical, and physical damages [ 1 , 2 ]. Chronic or acute severe injuries on the skin, such as abrasions, burns, leg ulcers, or lesions, in consequence considerable losses of dermal tissues pose huge challenges to the therapeutic processes.…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Dose-Response Characteristics for Effect of Rhubarb in a Rat Model of Cholestasis

“…Rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) is a famous medicine officially documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (National Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2010 ), that has been used for the treatment of cholestasis since the time of the Eastern Hang dynasty (25–220 AD) as part of the Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang preparation (Wang et al, 2011b ). Rhubarb has been shown to possess broad spectrum activities, such as antioxidant (Silveira et al, 2013 ), anti-inflammatory (Hu et al, 2014 ), and hepatoprotective activities (Neyrinck et al, 2014 ); moreover, rhubarb encourage bilirubin excretion (Sim et al, 2015 ), and has been applied for the treatment of cholestasis in the clinic (Ho, 1996 ; Huang et al, 1997 ).…”