Photoprotection of Photosystem II: Reaction Center Quenching Versus Antenna Quenching

Hüner, Norman P. A.; Ivanov, Alexander G.; Sane, P. V.; Pocock, Tessa; Król, Marianna; Balseris, Andrius; Rosso, Dominic; Savitch, Leonid V.; Hurry, Vaughan; Öquist, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/1-4020-3579-9_11

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This LEP phenotype can also be generated by growth at either low irradiance or high temperature but moderate irradiance in Chlorella vulgaris (Maxwell et al, 1995a,b; Hüner et al, 1998; Wilson et al, 2003). Since Q A , the first stable quinone electron acceptor within the PSII reaction center is considered to be in rapid equilibrium with the PQ pool of intersystem electron transport (Dietz et al, 1985; Schreiber et al, 1994; Maxwell et al, 1995a,b; Baker, 2008), we have assumed that the PQ pool is the primary redox sensor that governs changes in excitation pressure (Hüner et al, 1998, 2003, 2006; Oquist and Huner, 2003; Ensminger et al, 2006; Morgan-Kiss et al, 2006; Wilson et al, 2006; McDonald et al, 2011). However, our earlier report for the regulation of HEP and LEP phenotypes in the filamentous cyanobacterium, P. boryanum , indicated that the PQ pool is probably not the major site from which redox signals emanate to control pigmented phenotype through modulation of the composition and structure of phycobilisomes in this cyanobacterium (Miskiewicz et al, 2000, 2002).…”

Section: What Is the Primary Site(s) For Sensing Chloroplast Energy Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, photosynthetic organisms are predisposed to maintain a balance between the rates of light energy trapping through extremely fast (femtosecond to picosecond time scale) but temperature-insensitive photophysical and photochemical processes of light absorption, energy transfer, and charge separation that generates electrons within the photosynthetic reaction centers versus the much slower but very temperature-sensitive processes of C, N, and S-metabolism ( Figure 1 ), and ultimately growth and development that utilize the photosynthetic reductants. To overcome this disparity in reaction rates and temperature sensitivity, non-photochemical quenching mechanisms (NPQ) have evolved to dissipate any excess energy not used in photosynthesis as heat either through antenna quenching via the xanthophyll cycle (Demmig-Adams and Adams, 1992; Horton et al, 1996, 2008; Demmig-Adams et al, 1999) and/or reaction center quenching through PSII charge recombination (Krause and Weis, 1991; Walters and Horton, 1993; Hüner et al, 2006) to protect the PSII reaction center from over-excitation and ensure survival in a fluctuating light environment ( Figure 1 ). The balance between energy trapping versus energy utilization and/or dissipation is called photostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast redox imbalance governs phenotypic plasticity: the “grand design of photosynthesis” revisited

et al. 2012

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Sunlight, the ultimate energy source for life on our planet, enters the biosphere as a direct consequence of the evolution of photoautotrophy. Photoautotrophs must balance the light energy absorbed and trapped through extremely fast, temperature-insensitive photochemistry with energy consumed through much slower, temperature-dependent biochemistry and metabolism. The attainment of such a balance in cellular energy flow between chloroplasts, mitochondria and the cytosol is called photostasis. Photoautotrophs sense cellular energy imbalances through modulation of excitation pressure which is a measure of the relative redox state of QA, the first stable quinone electron acceptor of photosystem II reaction centers. High excitation pressure constitutes a potential stress condition that can be caused either by exposure to an irradiance that exceeds the capacity of C, N, and S assimilation to utilize the electrons generated from the absorbed energy or by low temperature or any stress that decreases the capacity of the metabolic pathways downstream of photochemistry to utilize photosynthetically generated reductants. The similarities and differences in the phenotypic responses between cyanobacteria, green algae, crop plants, and variegation mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana as a function of cold acclimation and photoacclimation are reconciled in terms of differential responses to excitation pressure and the predisposition of photoautotrophs to maintain photostasis. The various acclimation strategies associated with green algae and cyanobacteria versus winter cereals and A. thaliana are discussed in terms of retrograde regulation and the “grand design of photosynthesis” originally proposed by Arnon (1982).

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Section: What Is the Primary Site(s) For Sensing Chloroplast Energy Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast redox imbalance governs phenotypic plasticity: the “grand design of photosynthesis” revisited

et al. 2012

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“…The actual molecular mechanism is still unknown, although there is no shortage of hypotheses and proposed quencher candidates: energy transfer from Chl to Zx in the major light-harvesting complex (LHCII; Frank et al, 2000); electron transfer from a carotenoid to Chl forming a Zx-Chl or luteinChl charge-transfer state (Holt et al, 2005;Avenson et al, 2009); direct or indirect quenching by the PsbS protein (Li et al, 2000;Niyogi et al, 2005); energy transfer from Chl to lutein in LHCII Ruban et al, 2007) linked to the aggregation of or a conformational change in LHCII; and last but not least, a far-red (FR) light-emitting quenched Chl-Chl charge-transfer state formed by the aggregation of LHCII (Miloslavina et al, 2008). Quenching in the PSII RC has also been proposed (Weis and Berry, 1987;Finazzi et al, 2004;Huner et al, 2005;Ivanov et al, 2008) as an additional type of Zx-independent quenching. Alternatively, it has been suggested that quenching by lutein can complement the Zx-dependent quenching Li et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetic and Spectral Resolution of Multiple Nonphotochemical Quenching Components in Arabidopsis Leaves

et al. 2009

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(M.N., P.J.)Using novel specially designed instrumentation, fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves during the induction period of dark to high-light adaptation in order to follow the spectral changes associated with the formation of nonphotochemical quenching. In addition to an overall decrease of photosystem II fluorescence (quenching) across the entire spectrum, high light induced two specific relative changes in the spectra: (1) a decrease of the main emission band at 682 nm relative to the far-red (750-760 nm) part of the spectrum (DF 682 ); and (2) an increase at 720 to 730 nm (DF 720 ) relative to 750 to 760 nm. The kinetics of the two relative spectral changes and their dependence on various mutants revealed that they do not originate from the same process but rather from at least two independent processes. The DF 720 change is specifically associated with the rapidly reversible energy-dependent quenching. Comparison of the wild-type Arabidopsis with mutants unable to produce or overexpressing the PsbS subunit of photosystem II showed that PsbS was a necessary component for DF 720 . The spectral change DF 682 is induced both by energy-dependent quenching and by PsbS-independent mechanism(s). A third novel quenching process, independent from both PsbS and zeaxanthin, is activated by a high turnover rate of photosystem II. Its induction and relaxation occur on a time scale of a few minutes. Analysis of the spectral inhomogeneity of nonphotochemical quenching allows extraction of mechanistically valuable information from the fluorescence induction kinetics when registered in a spectrally resolved fashion.One of the most important photoprotective mechanisms against high-light (HL) stress in photosynthetic organisms is the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of excitation energy, which is mostly due to thermal deactivation of pigment excited states in the antenna of PSII. There exist a number of literature reviews on the subject

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“…Increase in the Y(NPQ) was also found during late stages of the greening process in wheat leaves [52]. Reaction center quenching is a process of primary importance if the acceptor-side processes in the PSII are limited by different reasons [53]. Here, more than 20% of the PSII reaction centers became inactivated and the energy was emitted as heat and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light piping driven photosynthesis in the soil: Low-light adapted active photosynthetic apparatus in the under-soil hypocotyl segments of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Kakuszi

Sárvári

Solti

et al. 2016

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Photoprotection of Photosystem II: Reaction Center Quenching Versus Antenna Quenching

Cited by 20 publications

References 141 publications

Chloroplast redox imbalance governs phenotypic plasticity: the “grand design of photosynthesis” revisited

Chloroplast redox imbalance governs phenotypic plasticity: the “grand design of photosynthesis” revisited

Kinetic and Spectral Resolution of Multiple Nonphotochemical Quenching Components in Arabidopsis Leaves

Light piping driven photosynthesis in the soil: Low-light adapted active photosynthetic apparatus in the under-soil hypocotyl segments of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

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