Photoprotection of bacterial‐derived melanin against ultraviolet A–induced cell death and its potential application as an active sunscreen

Geng, Jianghui; Tang, Wendell W.; Wan, Xiaoxia; Zhou, Qiong; Wang, Xiujun; Shen, Ping; Lei, Tiechi; Xd, Chen

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02574.x

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Intracellular ROS levels were measured using OxyBURST Green H 2 DCFDA, SE labeling [13,14]. Melan-a cells (1.12 Â 10 4 cells/ml) were cultured in 96-well plates in complete RPMI1640 medium containing compounds at the indicated concentrations.…”

Section: Assessment Of Intracellular Ros Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydroquinone and its glucoside derivatives on melanogenesis and antioxidation: Biosafety as skin whitening agents

Zhou

Lei

et al. 2009

Journal of Dermatological Science

106

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Section: Assessment Of Intracellular Ros Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydroquinone and its glucoside derivatives on melanogenesis and antioxidation: Biosafety as skin whitening agents

Zhou

Lei

et al. 2009

Journal of Dermatological Science

106

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“…The exact molecular mechanisms that lead to melanoma are complex and poorly understood [3]–[6], and may involve both mutagenic DNA lesions and epigenetic misregulation [7]–[11]. The complexity is added by the involvement of several different signal transduction pathways, such as the Hedgehog pathway, which controls BCL2-mediated apoptosis; mutations in the Patched gene, the endpoint of the Hedgehog pathway, have been correlated with skin cancers [3], [12]–[15]. A frequent causative mechanism for an inherited form of predisposition to melanoma is thought to be a chromosomal deletion over 9p21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of miRNA-211 Expression and Its Role in Melanoma Cell Invasiveness

et al. 2010

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The immediate molecular mechanisms behind invasive melanoma are poorly understood. Recent studies implicate microRNAs (miRNAs) as important agents in melanoma and other cancers. To investigate the role of miRNAs in melanoma, we subjected human melanoma cell lines to miRNA expression profiling, and report a range of variations in several miRNAs. Specifically, compared with expression levels in melanocytes, levels of miR-211 were consistently reduced in all eight non-pigmented melanoma cell lines we examined; they were also reduced in 21 out of 30 distinct melanoma samples from patients, classified as primary in situ, regional metastatic, distant metastatic, and nodal metastatic. The levels of several predicted target mRNAs of miR-211 were reduced in melanoma cell lines that ectopically expressed miR-211. In vivo target cleavage assays confirmed one such target mRNA encoded by KCNMA1. Mutating the miR-211 binding site seed sequences at the KCNMA1 3′-UTR abolished target cleavage. KCNMA1 mRNA and protein expression levels varied inversely with miR-211 levels. Two different melanoma cell lines ectopically expressing miR-211 exhibited significant growth inhibition and reduced invasiveness compared with the respective parental melanoma cell lines. An shRNA against KCNMA1 mRNA also demonstrated similar effects on melanoma cells. miR-211 is encoded within the sixth intron of TRPM1, a candidate suppressor of melanoma metastasis. The transcription factor MITF, important for melanocyte development and function, is needed for high TRPM1 expression. MITF is also needed for miR-211 expression, suggesting that the tumor-suppressor activities of MITF and/or TRPM1 may at least partially be due to miR-211's negative post transcriptional effects on the KCNMA1 transcript. Given previous reports of high KCNMA1 levels in metastasizing melanoma, prostate cancer and glioma, our findings that miR-211 is a direct posttranscriptional regulator of KCNMA1 expression as well as the dependence of this miRNA's expression on MITF activity, establishes miR-211 as an important regulatory agent in human melanoma.

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“…They are found in a number of organisms. The source proposed for extraction is diverse, including sepia melanin [36], squid ink [37], green tea [38], Pseudomonas maltophylia [39], and chemical oxidation from dopa and other melanin precursors [40][41][42]. However, perhaps due to aesthetic reasons, taking into account the unpleasant dark color of any eumelanin-containing sunscreen, the use of all these patents has not been exploited in the commercial market.…”

Section: Natural Compounds Related To Animal Melaninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection and Skin Pigmentation: Melanin-Related Molecules and Some Other New Agents Obtained from Natural Sources

2020

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Direct sun exposure is one of the most aggressive factors for human skin. Sun radiation contains a range of the electromagnetic spectrum including UV light. In addition to the stratospheric ozone layer filtering the most harmful UVC, human skin contains a photoprotective pigment called melanin to protect from UVB, UVA, and blue visible light. This pigment is a redox UV-absorbing agent and functions as a shield to prevent direct UV action on the DNA of epidermal cells. In addition, melanin indirectly scavenges reactive oxygenated species (ROS) formed during the UV-inducing oxidative stress on the skin. The amounts of melanin in the skin depend on the phototype. In most phenotypes, endogenous melanin is not enough for full protection, especially in the summertime. Thus, photoprotective molecules should be added to commercial sunscreens. These molecules should show UV-absorbing capacity to complement the intrinsic photoprotection of the cutaneous natural pigment. This review deals with (a) the use of exogenous melanin or melanin-related compounds to mimic endogenous melanin and (b) the use of a number of natural compounds from plants and marine organisms that can act as UV filters and ROS scavengers. These agents have antioxidant properties, but this feature usually is associated to skin-lightening action. In contrast, good photoprotectors would be able to enhance natural cutaneous pigmentation. This review examines flavonoids, one of the main groups of these agents, as well as new promising compounds with other chemical structures recently obtained from marine organisms.

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Photoprotection of bacterial‐derived melanin against ultraviolet A–induced cell death and its potential application as an active sunscreen

Abstract: The bacterial-derived melanin provided significant protection to fibroblast cell and human skin against the UVA radiation. It has the potential to be developed as an active sunscreen for the patients with photosensitivity skin to sun exposure.

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of hydroquinone and its glucoside derivatives on melanogenesis and antioxidation: Biosafety as skin whitening agents

Effects of hydroquinone and its glucoside derivatives on melanogenesis and antioxidation: Biosafety as skin whitening agents

The Regulation of miRNA-211 Expression and Its Role in Melanoma Cell Invasiveness

Photoprotection and Skin Pigmentation: Melanin-Related Molecules and Some Other New Agents Obtained from Natural Sources

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