Photopolymerization using bio-sourced photoinitiators

Chen, Hong; Zhu, Daoben; Kavalli, Tuba; Xiao, Pu; Schmitt, Michael; Lalevée, Jacques

doi:10.1039/d3py00651d

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…22,23 Additionally, the low toxicity and eco-friendliness of chalcones have been confirmed, significantly advancing the application of photopolymerization in biological fields. 24,25 However, chalcone PIs are prone to side photochemical reactions, such as reversible isomerization or dimerization, 26,27 during polymerization due to their rotatable CvC bonds, which result in a lower initiating efficiency compared to commercial PIs. A universal strategy to mitigate these side reactions and enhance the performance of chalcone PIs is imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in the initiating activity of chalcones via a long-alkyl chain strategy for free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing

Li,

Deng,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Polym. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in the initiating activity of chalcones via a long-alkyl chain strategy for free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing

Li,

Deng,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Polym. Chem.

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“…The monomers have different functionalities in order to control the degree of crosslinking in combination with given oligomer, while they have a lower viscosity for better processing and variable molecular structures for adapting rigidity or flexibility. The bio‐based photointiators have lately been synthesized, 16,17 but they are almost unavailable at industrial scale even if they are only used for 2% to 4% in a final acrylate formulation. In parallel, several trials have been launched for the synthesis of bio‐based acrylic acid, 18 however, without success yet in further industrial upscaling: acrylic acid can be alternatively produced from renewable resources, either by oxidation of acrolein, which is derived from glycerol, or through direct dehydration of lactic acid and 3‐hydroxypropionic acid 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Thermo)mechanical and chemical characteristics of photochemically crosslinked acrylates from bio‐ and fossil‐based origin

Samyn,

Adeel,

Pazdur

et al. 2024

Journal of Polymer Science

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The acrylates with oligomers and monomers from (partially) bio‐based feedstock become available at (semi‐)industrial scale, which can be processed through photochemical crosslinking for applications in coatings, additive manufacturing, electronics, or inks. Although fossil‐ and bio‐based acrylates may have a similar chemical composition, it requires good understanding of processing and structure–property relationships as minor changes in microstructure may strongly alter the performance. A comparative study on mechanical properties and chemical structure of bio‐ and fossil‐based acrylates with different functionalities and backbone structures reveals higher ductility of bio‐based acrylates, in relation with a more complex organization of the intrinsic molecular structure. The latter is confirmed by mechanical testing and visco‐elastic characteristics (dynamic mechanical analysis) yielding lower stiffness and higher dampening of bio‐based acrylates, in parallel with a lower glass transition temperature (differential scanning calorimetry). The complex molecular arrangements include a nanoscale morphology with ordered structure (X‐ray diffraction), conformational changes (infrared spectroscopy), and a residual high‐molecular weight fraction (size exclusion chromatography). The visco‐elastic calculations indicate only 4% to 5% lower crosslinking density and around 10% higher mean molar mass of the polymer chains segments between chemical crosslinks and trapped chain entanglements, which explain the unique structure and performance of bio‐based acrylates.

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Der Einschluss von nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffpunkten führt zu langnachleuchtenden Emittern und zu Photokatalysatoren für die radikalische Photopolymerisation

Wang,

Ge,

Luo

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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Sustainable carbon dots based on cellulose, particularly carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCCDs), were confined in an inorganic network resulting in CMCCDs@SiO2. This resulted in a material exhibiting long afterglow covering a time frame of several seconds also under air. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra gave information on temperature‐assisted delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) while photocurrent experiments provided a deeper understanding of charge availability in the dark period, and therefore, its availability on the photocatalyst surface. The photo‐ATRP initiator, ethyl(bromo)phenyl acetate (EBPA), quenched the emission from the millisecond to the nanosecond time frame indicating participation of the triplet state in photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Both free radical and living radical polymerization based on photo‐ATRP protocol worked successfully. Metal‐free photo‐ATRP resulted in chain extendable macroinitiators based on a reductive mechanism with either MMA or in combination with styrene. Addition of 9 ppm Cu2+ resulted in Mw/Mn of 1.4 while an increase to 72 ppm improved uniformity of the polymers; that is Mw/Mn=1.03. Complementary experiments with kerria laca confined materials, namely KCDs@SiO2, provided similar results. Deposition of Cu2+ (9 ppm) on the photocatalyst surface explains better uniformity of the polymers formed in the ATRP protocol.

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Photopolymerization using bio-sourced photoinitiators

Abstract: This review mainly summarizes the current progress in photopolymerization for bio-based photoinitiators/photoinitiating systems, along with presents conditions for monomers derived from natural products.

Cited by 13 publications

References 198 publications

Enhancement in the initiating activity of chalcones via a long-alkyl chain strategy for free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing

Enhancement in the initiating activity of chalcones via a long-alkyl chain strategy for free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing

(Thermo)mechanical and chemical characteristics of photochemically crosslinked acrylates from bio‐ and fossil‐based origin

Der Einschluss von nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffpunkten führt zu langnachleuchtenden Emittern und zu Photokatalysatoren für die radikalische Photopolymerisation

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