Photopolymerization and Characteristics of Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Tan, Hailin; Nie, Jun

doi:10.1002/mren.200600034

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, some researchers suggested that the exfoliation degree of the polymerizable clay could be influenced by the position of the reactive functional group, 16,24,37 and a crosslinking structure was found during the preparation. 25,28,32,33,37 However, the reason why the polymerizable clay is more exfoliatable than the nonpolymerizable clay is still unclear. Obviously, such knowledge could be very useful in designing exfoliated nanocomposites with enhanced interfacial interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] It can also be used in the preparation of other polymer/ clay nanocomposites. 16,[31][32][33][34][35][36] According to these researches, the resultant nanocomposite is usually intercalated whether the modified clay by nonpolymerizable agent is intercalated or not in the system before polymerization; but the resultant nanocomposite is usually partially exfoliated when the modified clay by polymerizable agent is intercalated in the system before polymerization. If the modified clay is exfoliated in the system before polymerization, no matter the clay is polymerizable or not, the resultant nanocomposite is surely exfoliated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Ren

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Effect of polymerizable montmorillonites (P-MMTs) on the morphology of polyethylene/montmorillonites (PE/MMTs) nanocomposites during filling polymerization was studied. The microstructure analysis showed that the P-MMTs were more exfoliatable than nonpolymerizable MMTs in the preparation of PE/MMTs nanocomposites. By examining the influence of the polymerization condition on the microstructure of the resultant nanocomposites, it was confirmed that the shear force formed by the mechanical stirring was the driving force of the exfoliation dispersion of MMT sheets during the filling polymerization. Comparatively, the shear force on MMT sheets might be increased due to strong interaction between PE chains linked to the surface of P-MMTs and the solvents molecules, which is the reason that polymerizable clay is more exfoliatable than nonpolymerizable clay.The copolymerization between polymerizable modifier and ethylene was confirmed by NMR measurements. Furthermore, the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites was influenced by the concentration of the dispersed PMMTs. The degree of exfoliation of the resultant nanocomposites at a relatively low concentration was higher than that at a high concentration. This is because of the multiscale organization of the organoclay dispersed in the organic medium. High exfoliation degree of MMTs and improved interaction between PE matrix and P-MMTs in PE/P-MMTs nanocomposites led to significant improvements in mechanical properties and barrier properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Ren

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Clay composite materials continue to be of interest to the discipline due to the economic and physical advantages of related products. Many of these clay composite materials may undergo an intercalation (i.e., spreading via insertion of compatible compounds between the clay platelets) or exfoliation process (i.e., separation of the clay platelets) whereupon they may be characterized as nanocomposite materials with exceptional properties, depending on the interplate d‐spacing (Figure ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the literature has been filled with clay composite materials used in photopolymerization . The vast majority of the literature discusses the physical functionalization of the clays via ion exchange methods to introduce either polymerizable monomers, film‐forming additives, or, in rare cases, photoinitiators whereupon the ion exchange functionalization produces an organic‐inorganic hybrid material that is more readily integrated or compatiblized into the formulation and resulting polymer . For example, Tan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalently bound organomodified clay photoinitiators

Davidson

Gee

Hurst

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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While organomodified clays are property enhancing additives for composite materials, much of the research thereof has focused on intercalated quaternary ammonium compounds; however, herein the effects of covalently bound organomodified clays (CoBOCs) are explored with particular emphasis on CoBOC photoinitiators. Two commercially available alcoholic photoinitiators (1hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone) were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to form half-adducts and then reacted with Cloisite 93A, an organophilic montmorillonite clay, to form two CoBOC photoinitiators. The CoBOC photoinitiators were integrated into a standard formulation and subsequently ultraviolet (UV) cured. Property characterization thereof (e.g., adhesion, hardness, and flexibility) yielded unchanged or increased properties with the exception of impact flexibility. Finally, the CoBOC photoinitiators were kinetically characterized via photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) within 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA). While increasing concentrations of clay additives generally decrease polymerization rates, increasing concentrations of the CoBOC photoinitiators exhibited increased polymerization rates. Therefore, the CoBOC photoinitiators can enhance the polymerization kinetics and physical properties of UV-curable coatings.

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“…[2,3]. These surfactants play an important role in microemulsion systems to prepare nanoporous polymeric materials [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellization and Adsorption Behaviors of New Reactive Polymerizable Surfactants Based on Modified Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylates

Atta

Dyab

Al‐Lohedan

2012

J Surfact & Detergents

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The synthesis and characterization of a series of polymerizable surfactants based on alkyl phenol ethoxylate backbone and carboxylic or anhydride chain ends were investigated. Surface activities of these polymerizable surfactants were investigated to correlate their structure and their performances. The new bifunctional surfmers were prepared by reacting polyoxyethylene 4-nonyl-2propylene-phenol nonionic reactive surfactants with maleic anhydride. The chemical structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by 13 C and 1 H NMR analyses. The surface activities of the modified polymerizable surfactants were measured from the adsorption isotherm measurements which were determined from the relationship between the concentrations and surface tension of surfactants in aqueous medium at different temperatures. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were determined for water soluble surfactants. It was found that CMC decreases with the incorporation of the anhydride and acid groups in the chemical structure of polyoxyethylene 4-nonyl -2-propylene-phenol nonionic surfactant. surface-active parameters such as area per molecule at the interface (A min ), surface excess concentration (C max ) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (p CMC ) were measured from the adsorption isotherms of the modified surfactants. Some thermodynamic data for the adsorption process were calculated and discussed. The data indicated that the new surfmers are more reactive than the simple polyoxyethylene 4-nonyl-2-propylene-phenol and more adsorbed at interfaces. We have performed a preliminary experiment to explore the emulsification efficiency of the newly synthesized reactive surfactants in equal volume oil-water emulsions. Different emulsion types and stabilities were obtained.

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Photopolymerization and Characteristics of Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Covalently bound organomodified clay photoinitiators

Micellization and Adsorption Behaviors of New Reactive Polymerizable Surfactants Based on Modified Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylates

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