Photopolymerizable glasses incorporating high refractive index species and ionic liquid: A comparative study

Velasco, Aitor V.; Hernández‐Garay, M. P.; Calvo, M. L.; Cheben, Pavel; Monte, Francisco del

doi:10.1063/1.3553840

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[11] Efforts were made to improve the performance of the photopolymerizable glass and to enhance the refractive index modulation (RIM) by incorporating high refractive index species and organic salts. As a result, RIMs up to 0.005 and 0.01 were achieved for materials modified with organic salts such as ionic liquids [14] and zirconium-based high refractive index species, [15] respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

Mikulchyk

Oubaha

Kaworek

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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functional materials for tackling challenging material-related problems in diverse areas such as medicine, pharmacy, mechanics, electronics, chemistry and others. [1][2][3][4][5] One of the most popular and successful applications of the hybrid sol-gel technology is the development of multifunctional coatings for the protection of metal surfaces against corrosion and environmental degradations. [6] Other promising applications include photoreactive hybrid sol-gel coatings for the fabrication of microstructured components such as optical waveguides, [7] photonic crystals [8] and microfluidic devices. [9] The main advantage of the hybrid sol-gel technology, in comparison to conventional organic or inorganic chemistries, is its flexibility which allows for a combination of both organic and inorganic functional chemistries that facilitates low temperature preparation, generally at room temperature. [5] As a result, structural properties of thermo-sensitive organic groups are maintained and remain available for further exploitation as network modifiers in the inorganic structure and in the microstructuring processes used to fabricate miniature devices. Among the many applications of the sol-gel technology, the preparation of photopolymerizable glasses for holographic applications is of particular interest. The concept of sol-gel preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic materials by the Advancements in hybrid sol-gel technology have provided a new class of holographic materials as photopolymerizable glasses. Recently, a number of photosensitive glass compositions with high dynamic range and high spatial resolution have been reported and their excellent capability for volume holography has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in relation to the processing time and environmental stability of these materials, that strongly affect the performance and durability of the fabricated holograms. State-of-the-art photopolymerizable glasses possess long curing times (few days) required to achieve thick films, thus limiting the industrial implementation of this technology and its commercial viability. This article presents a novel, fast curing, water-resistant, photopolymerizable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) for holographic applications. Due to introducing an amine-based modifier that increases the condensation ability of the sol-gel network, this PHSG overcomes the problem of long curing time and can readily produce thick (up to a few hundred micrometers) layers without cracking and breaking. In addition, this PHSG exhibits excellent water-resistance, providing stable performance of holographic gratings for up to 400 h of immersion in water. This finding moves photopolymerizable glasses to the next development stage and renders the technology attractive for the mass production of holographic optical elements and their use across a wide number of outdoor applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

Mikulchyk

Oubaha

Kaworek

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…The diffusion, which occurs in the absence of light, and the subsequent Dn evolution, is referred to as "dark diffusion," and stops when the composition reaches its chemical equilibrium. In the case of the photopolymerizable glass with HRIS, dark diffusion mechanism can be modeled using the weighted sum of two exponential functions 25,26 DnðtÞ ¼ C M ½1 À expðÀt=s M Þ þ C Zr ½1 À expðÀt=s Zr Þ ; (2) where exponential weight factors, C M and C Zr , account for the partial contributions of monomer and Zr-based HRIS components, respectively, to the overall Dn value. The diffusion time constants s M and s Zr , account for the different diffusion speeds of the two respective species, namely s M < s Z .…”

Section: Dark Diffusion and Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopolymerizable organically modified holographic glass with enhanced thickness for spectral filters

Velasco

Calvo

Cheben

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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A novel formulation and synthesis method to overcome the thickness limitations in samples of photopolymerizable glasses with high refractive index species is presented. The reported method allows the recording of volume holographic diffraction gratings in samples of $500 lm thickness with a high optical quality and low scattering. Holographic grating recording is performed in a single coherent light exposure step, resulting in volume gratings of high optical quality. A holographic notch filter implemented in a 500 lm thick photopolymerizable glass with a spectral bandwidth below 0.3 nm and an excellent filter extinction ratio of <À27 dB is also demonstrated.

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“…As part of this ongoing effort, we are concentrated in the progress of a rather new and emerging field, namely, "green holography. 6 The present study focuses on the incorporation of ionic liquid (IL) to our photopolymerizable glass under the form of a new chemical solvent component. Unlike conventional solvents, ionic liquids present a very low volatility, and have already demonstrated to increase polymerization rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of holographic diffraction gratings implemented in photopolymerizable glasses incorporating ionic liquid

et al. 2011

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In this work we analyze the optical quality, performance, and recording mechanism of holographic diffraction gratings recorded in photopolymerizable sol-gel glasses. These classes of holographic photomaterials have various compositions, one of which incorporates a High Refractive Index Species (HRIS), already developed in our group GICO-UCM. The new types of photopolymerizable glasses under study incorporate ionic liquid (IL). We present a comparative study, showing distinctive behaviors for each photopolymerizable glass class, and determining particular features for various ranges of applications.

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Photopolymerizable glasses incorporating high refractive index species and ionic liquid: A comparative study

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

Photopolymerizable organically modified holographic glass with enhanced thickness for spectral filters

Study of holographic diffraction gratings implemented in photopolymerizable glasses incorporating ionic liquid

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