Photoplethysmography signal processing and synthesis

Mejía-Mejía, Elisa; Allen, John; Budidha, Karthik; El-Hajj, Chadi; Kyriacou, P. A.; Charlton, Peter

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823374-0.00015-3

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…For an analysis of morphological features of individual PPG pulse waves, a relatively high sampling frequency f S (higher than 500 Hz) is required [ 25 ]. On the other hand, in continuous long-term screening and monitoring, sampling at lower frequencies may be used, for example, 128 Hz in a wrist-based wearable device for atrial fibrillation detection [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Prototypes of PPG Sensors for Continual Real-Time Measurement in Weak Magnetic Field

Přibil

Přibilová

Frollo

2022

Sensors

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This paper is focused on investigation of three developed prototypes of sensors based on the photoplethysmography (PPG) principle for continual measurement of the PPG signal in the magnetic field environment with the inherent radiofrequency and electromagnetic disturbance. The tested prototypes differ in the used optical part of the PPG sensor and their working mode, control unit, power supply, and applied Bluetooth (BT) communication methods. The main aim of the current work was motivated by finding suitable and universal parameter settings for PPG signal real-time recording in different working mode conditions. Comparative measurements in laboratory conditions by certified commercial pulse oximeter and blood pressure monitor (BPM) devices show good stability and proper accuracy of finally determined heart rate values. The supplementary investigation certifies the necessity of the placement of the pressure cuff of the BPM device on the opposite arm than the tested PPG sensor. Measurement experiments inside the scanning area of the running weak field magnetic resonance scanner verify proper function and practical usability of sensed PPG signals for further processing and analysis in all three prototype cases. Additional testing shows that the BT transmission in the scanning area has no visible influence on the quality of the finally obtained scanner images.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Prototypes of PPG Sensors for Continual Real-Time Measurement in Weak Magnetic Field

Přibil

Přibilová

Frollo

2022

Sensors

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“…Several approaches have been proposed, including statistical analysis of pulse wave shape [ 56 ], assessing the level of perfusion through the perfusion index (the ratio of the amplitude of the pulsatile component of the PPG to its baseline) [ 56 ], assessing the similarity of successive pulse wave shapes using template matching [ 86 ] or dynamic time warping [ 87 ], and deep learning [ 88 ]. For further details of techniques, see [ 10 ]. Typically, signal segments are deemed to be either high or low quality through the use of empirical thresholds.…”

Section: Ppg Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derivatives are typically derived from the PPG after eliminating high-frequency noise, which can otherwise greatly obscure the derivatives. This low-pass filtering is a compromise between retaining the original signal features and increasing robustness to noise [ 10 ].…”

Section: Ppg Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Smart wearables provide an opportunity to monitor health in daily life and are emerging as potential tools for detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Wearables such as fitness bands and smartwatches routinely monitor the photoplethysmogram signal, an optical measure of the arterial pulse wave that is strongly influenced by the heart and blood vessels. In this survey, we summarize the fundamentals of wearable photoplethysmography and its analysis, identify its potential clinical applications, and outline pressing directions for future research in order to realize its full potential for tackling CVD.

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“…The rising edge from onset to systolic represents increasing pressure in the artery, as measured in the arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform. The dicrotic notch and diastolic peaks are wave reflections of the periphery, influenced by arterial stiffness or vascular resistance and compliance ( 15 ). If onset is related to the beginning of systolic ejection, then diastolic denotes the end of ejection as the aortic valve closed ( 16 ).…”

Section: Ppg and Ppg Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If onset is related to the beginning of systolic ejection, then diastolic denotes the end of ejection as the aortic valve closed ( 16 ). As people start aging, the notch and diastolic tend to disappear in the signal ( 15 ).…”

Section: Ppg and Ppg Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Four Derivative Waveforms of Photoplethysmogram (PPG) for Fiducial Point Detection

Suboh

Jaafar

Nayan

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Fiducial points of photoplethysmogram (PPG), first derivative PPG (VPG), and second derivative PPG (APG) are essential in extracting numerous parameters to diagnose cardiovascular disease. However, the fiducial points were usually detected using complex mathematical algorithms. Inflection points from derivatives waveforms are not thoroughly studied, whereas they can significantly assist in peak detection. This study is performed to investigate the derivative waveforms of PPG and use them to detect the important peaks of PPG, VPG, and APG. PPGs with different morphologies from 43 ischemic heart disease subjects are analyzed. Inflection points of the derivative waveforms up to the fourth level are observed, and consistent information (derivative markers) is used to detect the fiducial points of PPG, VPG, and APG with proper sequence. Moving average filter and simple thresholding techniques are applied to detect the primary points in VPG and the third derivative waveform. A total of twelve out of twenty derivative markers are found reliable in detecting fiducial points of two common types of PPG. Systolic peaks are accurately detected with 99.64% sensitivity and 99.38% positive predictivity using the 43 IHD dataset and Complex System Laboratory (CSL) Pulse Oximetry Artifact Labels database. The study has introduced the fourth derivative PPG waveform with four main points, which are significantly valuable for detecting the fiducial points of PPG, VPG, and APG.

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Photoplethysmography signal processing and synthesis

Cited by 28 publications

References 191 publications

Comparison of Three Prototypes of PPG Sensors for Continual Real-Time Measurement in Weak Magnetic Field

Comparison of Three Prototypes of PPG Sensors for Continual Real-Time Measurement in Weak Magnetic Field

Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring

Analysis on Four Derivative Waveforms of Photoplethysmogram (PPG) for Fiducial Point Detection

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