Photophysics of 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites: Progress, Debates, and Challenges

Abstract

2D organic–inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their excellent environmental stability, high degree of electronic tunability, and natural multiquantum‐well structures. Although there is a rapid development of photoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers based on 2D RPPs, the state‐of‐the‐art performance is far inferior to that of the existing devices because of the limited understanding on fundamental physics, especially special photophysics in carrier dynamics, excitonic fine structures, excitonic quasiparticles, and spin‐related effect. Thus, there is still plenty of room to improve the performances of photoelectronic devices based on 2D RPPs by enhancing knowledge on fundamental photophysics. This review highlights the special photophysics of 2D RPPs that is fundamentally different from the conventional 3D congeners. It also provides the most recent progress, debates, challenges, prospects, and in‐depth understanding of photophysics in 2D perovskites, which is significant for not only boosting performance of solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, but also future development of applications in lasers, spintronics, quantum information, and integrated photonic chips.

Tin‐Based Chiral Perovskites with Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties

“…This value is about 18 times α ‐SiO 2 [ 50 ] and slightly lower than the chiral 2D perovskite analog. [ 40,51 ] The power dependence (Figure 4c) suggests a quadratic dependence for SHG intensity on laser power and reveals the two‐photo nature of this NLO process. It is worth noting that the SHG intensity does not decrease until the pump power is higher than ≈420 mW (840 nm).…”

Design of two-dimensional halide perovskite composites for optoelectronic applications and beyond

“…Rashba effect of perovskites stems from the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) with structural inversion asymmetry, which essentially affects carrier dynamics and thus the luminescence and photovoltaic performance of the materials. 13,85 Vardeny et…”

“…By adjusting the size of n, tailored band gaps and quantum confinement effects can be achieved. 13 Moreover, with the hydrophobic organic spacer, 2D halide perovskites oftentimes exhibit more moisture resistance than their 3D counterparts. Thanks to the higher photostability, chemical stability and convenient tuning of optoelectronic properties, 2D halide perovskites materials have found broad applications in fields such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in recent years.…”

Advance Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of 2D Materials

“…The exciton energy levels were controlled through chain length variations which influenced the optical properties in the material. In another study, the high tunability in the state-of-the-art hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) was discussed (Gan et al, 2021). As compared to their bulk counterpart, the 2D layered RPPs showed improved environmental stability on external factors affecting the device like light, stress, and humidity (Tsai et al, 2016).…”