Abstract. This paper reviews the research carried out in o u r laboratory in the field of nucleoside analogues, divided into two main parts: ( 1 ) Analogues with modified sugars, describing synthesis o f monomers for polynucleotides, in which the ribose moiety has been replaced by amino acids, N-vinyl-2-pyrolidinone, dihydroxy acyclic systems, tetrahydrofuran and tctrahydropyran rings, butyrolactone, pyrrolidine and cyclopentane/ cyclopentene systems. ( 2 ) Analogucs with modified bases, consisting of carbene adducts of pyrimidine nucleosides, benzodiazepine nucleosides, 5-fluoro-Ovinyluracil, glutarimidc nucleosides, transition state and suicide inhibitors of adenylosuccinate lyase and fluorescent pyrido[2, I-i] purine nucleosidcs. Cytostatic and antiviral activities of a variety of the compounds obtained are discussed.