Photoperiodism, the Response of the Plant to Relative Length of Day and Night

Garner, W. W.; Allard, H. A.

doi:10.1126/science.55.1431.582

Cited by 118 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Long-day conditions delay the flowering time by increasing the number of days to flowering. These results were confirmed previously by Garner and Allard (1923) and by Folliard et al (2004) who proved that for sorghum crop, progress towards flowering is accelerated when day-length decreases. On the basis of these outcomes we suggested that the exacted photoperiod compulsory for sorghum flowering belongs to the interval of 11-12 h of photoperiod.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Despite extensive analysis of the day-length control of flowering in sorghum, little is known regarding effect of variation in photoperiod or day-length on flowering time of sorghum (Menz et al 2002). Since sorghum was recognized as short-day species by Garner and Allard (1923), photoperiod sensitivity in this species has been systematically eliminated by breeders to enlarge the range of adaptability and to extend its cropping area to temperate environment (Chanterau et al 2001). A better understanding of response and sensitivity of flowering time in sorghum to the photoperiod will facilitate the control of flowering time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in flowering time in sorghum core collection and mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time by association analysis

Mannai

Shehzad

Okuno

2011

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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A wide range of variation in flowering time was observed within a diversity research set of 107 sorghum accessions ranging from 56 to 133 days. Accessions were classified into early medium and late flowering groups. 45 accessions were grown under three different environments of photoperiod (11, 12 and 15 h). Sorghum accessions gradually responded to the decreasing of day-length. The 12 h of photoperiod could be considered as a threshold above which day-length delays the flowering time in sorghum. Association analysis was performed to identify the QTLs controlling flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity using 107 accessions of sorghum grown under natural condition and 45 accessions grown under controlled conditions. Four QTLs controlling flowering time were detected under natural condition of day-length at threshold 2.5 using K model. A total of seven flowering time loci were detected under controlled conditions of day-length. One QTL controlling photoperiod sensitivity was detected on chromosome 1 and one QTL controlling photoperiod insensitivity was detected on chromosome 4.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in flowering time in sorghum core collection and mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time by association analysis

Mannai

Shehzad

Okuno

2011

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…Among traits in the maladaptive syndrome, flowering is the most important because it impacts the timing of seed production in relation to climate. The phenomena referred to as photoperiodism (first mentioned in Garner and Allard, 1923) describes plant responses, including flowering time, to the length of the period of daily light or photoperiod. A plant's transition from vegetative to reproductive phase can be sensitive to photoperiod, and the level of sensitivity measured in terms of flowering time can vary substantially among different genotypes within a species (for example, Quinby, 1967;Yano et al, 2001;Gouesnard et al, 2002), resulting at one extreme in delayed flowering or failure to flower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallauer’s Tusón: a decade of selection for tropical-to-temperate phenological adaptation in maize

et al. 2014

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Crop species exhibit an astounding capacity for environmental adaptation, but genetic bottlenecks resulting from intense selection for adaptation and productivity can lead to a genetically vulnerable crop. Improving the genetic resiliency of temperate maize depends upon the use of tropical germplasm, which harbors a rich source of natural allelic diversity. Here, the adaptation process was studied in a tropical maize population subjected to 10 recurrent generations of directional selection for early flowering in a single temperate environment in Iowa, USA. We evaluated the response to this selection across a geographical range spanning from 43.05°(WI) to 18.00°(PR) latitude. The capacity for an all-tropical maize population to become adapted to a temperate environment was revealed in a marked fashion: on average, families from generation 10 flowered 20 days earlier than families in generation 0, with a nine-day separation between the latest generation 10 family and the earliest generation 0 family. Results suggest that adaptation was primarily due to selection on genetic main effects tailored to temperature-dependent plasticity in flowering time. Genotype-by-environment interactions represented a relatively small component of the phenotypic variation in flowering time, but were sufficient to produce a signature of localized adaptation that radiated latitudinally, in partial association with daylength and temperature, from the original location of selection. Furthermore, the original population exhibited a maladaptive syndrome including excessive ear and plant heights along with later flowering; this was reduced in frequency by selection for flowering time.

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“…For example, many plants and animals living at latitudes above the equator often alter their behaviour or developmental programmes in response to environmental signals such as day length or temperature (Hastings & Follet 2001). The role of day length, or photoperiod, in controlling seasonal responses was originally proposed by Tournois (1912) and Klebs (1913) at the beginning of the twentieth century, but Garner & Allard (1920, 1923 were the first to show clearly that flowering and other developmental responses could be controlled by exposure to long days (LDs) or short days (SDs) depending on the plant species. They demonstrated that the duration, rather than the quantity, of light in the daily cycle was a major factor in regulating plant development and introduced the term photoperiodism, which is defined as the response to the length of the day that enables living organisms to adapt to seasonal changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins and the floral transition in Sinapis alba

Corbesier

Kustermans

Périlleux

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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In many plants the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is controlled by environmental cues. One of these cues is day length or photoperiod, which synchronizes flowering of many species with the changing seasons. Recently, advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that confer photoperiodic control of flowering and, in particular, how inductive events occurring in the leaf, where photoperiod is perceived, are linked to floral evocation that takes place at the shoot apical meristem. We discuss recent data obtained using molecular genetic approaches on the function of regulatory proteins that control flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana . These data are compared with the results of physiological analyses of the floral transition, which were performed in a range of species and directed towards identification of the transmitted floral singals.

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Photoperiodism, the Response of the Plant to Relative Length of Day and Night

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Variation in flowering time in sorghum core collection and mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time by association analysis

Variation in flowering time in sorghum core collection and mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time by association analysis

Hallauer’s Tusón: a decade of selection for tropical-to-temperate phenological adaptation in maize

Gibberellins and the floral transition in Sinapis alba

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