Photoperiodic Response of In Vitro Cannabis sativa Plants

Moher, Melissa; Jones, Max; Zheng, Youbin

doi:10.21273/hortsci15452-20

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Generally, many compounds require differentiated tissues for efficient production. Moher et al [ 59 ] demonstrated that in vitro plants respond to photoperiod and that they develop “normal” looking flowers. While the cannabinoid content of these flowers has not been examined, it is likely that they produce much higher levels than would be observed in undifferentiated tissues, or roots.…”

Section: In Vitro Culture In Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

Hesami

Baiton

Alizadeh

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.

show abstract

Section: In Vitro Culture In Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

Hesami

Baiton

Alizadeh

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since many nations have adopted the more liberal view of cannabis, it’s since gained higher economic status as an industrial crop, and additional secondary products such as extract derivatives are expected to further amplify economic expansion ( Moher et al, 2020 ). The need to maintain product consistency, while supporting innovation and development ( Burgel et al, 2020 ) requires a better understanding of the physiological responses of cannabis to external stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms for Precision Micropropagation of Cannabis sativa: Prediction and Validation of in vitro Shoot Growth and Development Based on the Optimization of Light and Carbohydrate Sources

Pepe

Hesami

Small³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micropropagation techniques offer opportunity to proliferate, maintain, and study dynamic plant responses in highly controlled environments without confounding external influences, forming the basis for many biotechnological applications. With medicinal and recreational interests for Cannabis sativa L. growing, research related to the optimization of in vitro practices is needed to improve current methods while boosting our understanding of the underlying physiological processes. Unfortunately, due to the exorbitantly large array of factors influencing tissue culture, existing approaches to optimize in vitro methods are tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is great potential to use new computational methodologies for analyzing data to develop improved protocols more efficiently. Here, we first tested the effects of light qualities using assorted combinations of Red, Blue, Far Red, and White spanning 0–100 μmol/m2/s in combination with sucrose concentrations ranging from 1 to 6% (w/v), totaling 66 treatments, on in vitro shoot growth, root development, number of nodes, shoot emergence, and canopy surface area. Collected data were then assessed using multilayer perceptron (MLP), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to model and predict in vitro Cannabis growth and development. Based on the results, GRNN had better performance than MLP or ANFIS and was consequently selected to link different optimization algorithms [genetic algorithm (GA), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), interior search algorithm (ISA), and symbiotic organisms search (SOS)] for prediction of optimal light levels (quality/intensity) and sucrose concentration for various applications. Predictions of in vitro conditions to refine growth responses were subsequently tested in a validation experiment and data showed no significant differences between predicted optimized values and observed data. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of machine learning and optimization algorithms to predict the most favorable light combinations and sucrose levels to elicit specific developmental responses. Based on these, recommendations of light and carbohydrate levels to promote specific developmental outcomes for in vitro Cannabis are suggested. Ultimately, this work showcases the importance of light quality and carbohydrate supply in directing plant development as well as the power of machine learning approaches to investigate complex interactions in plant tissue culture.

show abstract

“…A day length of 12 and 18 h are common practices to induce flowering or keep plants vegetative, respectively (Potter, 2014 ). Moher et al ( 2020 ) indicated that C. sativa “802,” although not categorized as hemp given its 15–20% THC content, had a critical photoperiod between 15 and 16 h. Growth chamber environments are ideal for investigating the photoperiodism of hemp. With artificial lighting (typically from light-emitting diodes) being the only radiation source indoors, the photoperiod is strictly controlled by the hours of light operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic Flowering Response of Essential Oil, Grain, and Fiber Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cultivation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in tropical and subtropical regions can be challenging if the flowering behavior of a given cultivar is unknown, poorly understood, or not accurately selected for the photoperiod. Identifying cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions is key to optimizing hemp vegetative and flowering performance. We investigated the effects of varying light cycles in regulating extension growth and flowering response of 15 essential oil and 12 fiber/grain hemp cultivars both indoors and outdoors. Plants were subjected to 11 photoperiods in the controlled rooms ranging from 12 to 18 h, and natural day length in the field. The critical photoperiod threshold was identified for seven essential oil cultivars and two fiber/grain cultivars. “Cherry Wine-CC,” “PUMA-3,” and “PUMA-4” had the shortest critical day length between 13 h 45 min and 14 h. The flowering of essential oil cultivars was generally delayed by 1–2 days when the photoperiod exceeded 13 h compared with 12 h, and flowering was further delayed by 7–8 days when the photoperiod exceeded 14 h. In fiber/grain cultivars, flowering was generally delayed by 1–3 days when the day length exceeded 14 h. Flowering for most essential oil cultivars was delayed by 5–13 days under a 14-h photoperiod compared with 13 h 45 min, suggesting a photoperiod difference as little as 15 min can significantly influence the floral initiation of some essential oil cultivars. Cultivars represented by the same name but acquired from different sources can perform differently under the same environmental conditions, suggesting genetic variation among cultivars with the same name. Average days to flower of fiber/grain cultivars was correlated with reported cultivar origin, with faster flowering occurring among northern cultivars when compared with southern cultivars. Plant height generally increased as the day length increased in essential oil cultivars but was not affected in fiber/grain cultivars. In addition, civil twilight of ~2 μmol·m−2·s−1 was discovered to be biologically effective in regulating hemp flowering. Collectively, we conclude that most of the essential oil cultivars and some southern fiber/grain cultivars tested express suitable photoperiods for tropical and sub-tropical region cultivation.

show abstract

Photoperiodic Response of In Vitro Cannabis sativa Plants

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms for Precision Micropropagation of Cannabis sativa: Prediction and Validation of in vitro Shoot Growth and Development Based on the Optimization of Light and Carbohydrate Sources

Photoperiodic Flowering Response of Essential Oil, Grain, and Fiber Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About