Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System

Porcu, Alessandra; Riddle, Malini; Dulcis, Davide; Welsh, David K.

doi:10.1155/2018/5147585

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Because of an athlete’s chronotype (degree to which an individual is naturally a 'morning' or 'evening' person), timing of training or competition may not align with their personal time of peak performance 130–132. Persistent circadian dysregulation may contribute to neurodegeneration and mental health disorders 133–135…”

Section: Specific Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders In Elite Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

et al. 2019

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Mental health symptoms and disorders are common among elite athletes, may have sport related manifestations within this population and impair performance. Mental health cannot be separated from physical health, as evidenced by mental health symptoms and disorders increasing the risk of physical injury and delaying subsequent recovery. There are no evidence or consensus based guidelines for diagnosis and management of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes. Diagnosis must differentiate character traits particular to elite athletes from psychosocial maladaptations.Management strategies should address all contributors to mental health symptoms and consider biopsychosocial factors relevant to athletes to maximise benefit and minimise harm. Management must involve both treatment of affected individual athletes and optimising environments in which all elite athletes train and compete. To advance a more standardised, evidence based approach to mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes, an International Olympic Committee Consensus Work Group critically evaluated the current state of science and provided recommendations.

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Section: Specific Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders In Elite Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

et al. 2019

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“…Unfortunately, the phase difference of VIP and AVP signaling is difficult to specify. The available data on rhythms of VIP and AVP and their receptors are quite heterogeneous as reviewed in [22, 66]. Furthermore, the phases depend on the developmental stage, on light input, and on day-length [28, 30, 67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherency of circadian rhythms in the SCN is governed by the interplay of two coupling factors

et al. 2018

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Circadian clocks are autonomous oscillators driving daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. In mammals, a network of coupled neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is entrained to environmental light-dark cycles and orchestrates the timing of peripheral organs. In each neuron, transcriptional feedbacks generate noisy oscillations. Coupling mediated by neuropeptides such as VIP and AVP lends precision and robustness to circadian rhythms. The detailed coupling mechanisms between SCN neurons are debated. We analyze organotypic SCN slices from neonatal and adult mice in wild-type and multiple knockout conditions. Different degrees of rhythmicity are quantified by pixel-level analysis of bioluminescence data. We use empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to characterize spatio-temporal patterns. Simulations of coupled stochastic single cell oscillators can reproduce the diversity of observed patterns. Our combination of data analysis and modeling provides deeper insight into the enormous complexity of the data: (1) Neonatal slices are typically stronger oscillators than adult slices pointing to developmental changes of coupling. (2) Wild-type slices are completely synchronized and exhibit specific spatio-temporal patterns of phases. (3) Some slices of Cry double knockouts obey impaired synchrony that can lead to co–existing rhythms (“splitting”). (4) The loss of VIP-coupling leads to desynchronized rhythms with few residual local clusters. Additional information was extracted from co–culturing slices with rhythmic neonatal wild-type SCNs. These co–culturing experiments were simulated using external forcing terms representing VIP and AVP signaling. The rescue of rhythmicity via co–culturing lead to surprising results, since a cocktail of AVP-antagonists improved synchrony. Our modeling suggests that these counter-intuitive observations are pointing to an antagonistic action of VIP and AVP coupling. Our systematic theoretical and experimental study shows that dual coupling mechanisms can explain the astonishing complexity of spatio-temporal patterns in SCN slices.

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“…In patients with SAD, seasonal changes in photoperiod provoke relapse into a depressive episode [11]. SAD may be caused by SCN-mediated alterations of circadian rhythmicity which perturb the affective state [12]. Although not detected by GWAS after strict correction for multiple comparisons, associations between individual clock gene polymorphisms and mood disorders have been found in a number of studies have not revealed associations to clock genes, in targeted genotyping studies, e.g.…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for circadian treatment of mood disorders

2018

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Disruption of circadian clocks is strongly associated with mood disorders. "Chronotherapies" targeting circadian rhythms have been shown to be very effective treatments of mood disorders, but still are not widely used in clinical practice. The mechanisms by which circadian disruption leads to mood disorders are poorly characterized and therefore may not convince clinicians to apply chronotherapies. Hence, in this review, we describe specific potential mechanisms, in order to make this connection more credible to clinicians. We believe that four major features of disrupted clocks may contribute to the development of mood disorders: 1) loss of synchronization to environmental 24-hour rhythms, 2) internal desynchronization among body clocks, 3) low rhythm amplitude, and 4) changes in sleep architecture. Discussing these attributes and giving plausible examples, we will discuss prospects for relatively simple chronotherapies addressing these features that are easy to implement in clinical practice.

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Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System

Cited by 32 publications

References 135 publications

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

Coherency of circadian rhythms in the SCN is governed by the interplay of two coupling factors

Prospects for circadian treatment of mood disorders

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