Photonic Multilayer Sensors from Photo‐Crosslinkable Polymer Films

Chiappelli, Maria C.; Hayward, Ryan C.

doi:10.1002/adma.201202459

Cited by 98 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…6 1DPCs consist of layers of alternating high and low refractive index materials and, based on their periodic structure, exhibit a photonic stop-band in which a range of wavelengths is forbidden from propagating through the medium. 7 Constructive interference due to the structure's periodicity gives rise to an intense reflection in the stop-band.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Zirconium Dioxide/Slide-Ring Elastomer Nanocomposites for Mechanochromic Sensing

Howell

Colella

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We demonstrate the fabrication and performance of tunable, elastic organic/inorganic composite one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) in the visible spectrum. By controlling the composition of high refractive index metal oxide nanoparticle/polymer composites, a refractive index difference of 0.18 between the filled and unfilled polymer layers can be achieved while maintaining desirable flexibility and elasticity. This index contrast is achieved with a loading of 70 wt % zirconium dioxide nanoparticles within a slide-ring elastomer matrix, which is composed of topologically cross-linked polyrotaxane polyols. The large refractive index contrast enables high reflectivity while simultaneously minimizing the number of layers necessary, compared to purely polymer systems. Because the films are both flexible and elastic, these nanocomposite 1DPCs can function as colorimetric strain sensors. We demonstrate the sensing behavior of these 1DPCs by applying over 40% strain, resulting in a visible color shift across the visible spectrum from red to blue. 1DPCs of just 6 periods maintain reflectance of 40% throughout the visible spectrum, with a tensile mechanochromic sensitivity (Δλ/Δεmax) as high as -6.05 nm/%.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Zirconium Dioxide/Slide-Ring Elastomer Nanocomposites for Mechanochromic Sensing

Howell

Colella

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Hydrogels may be responsive to external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, or bio-stimuli such as antigen–antibody interactions. 45,72,152–155 For instance, PC structures comprised of hydrogel materials can be used as biosensors for the detection of DNA, proteins, antibodies and enzymes by monitoring the changes in lattice spacing or refractive indices. 41,43,156–159 In this respect, hydrogel-based PC structures provide either quantitative spectral results or qualitative naked-eye detection of biotarget concentrations.…”

Section: Emerging Technologies Incorporating Pc-based Biosensors Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystals: emerging biosensors and their promise for point-of-care applications

et al. 2017

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Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of-care (POC), such as at primary clinics or the bedside, faces impediments because they may require highly trained personnel, have long assay times, large sizes, and high instrumental cost. Thus, there exists a need to develop inexpensive, reliable, user-friendly, and compact biosensing systems at the POC. Biosensors incorporated with photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address many of the aforementioned challenges facing the development of new POC diagnostics. Currently, PC-based biosensors have been employed for detecting a variety of biotargets, such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with high efficiency and selectivity. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including telemedicine, flexible and wearable sensing, smart materials and metamaterials. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with existing biosensors, and provide an outlook for PC-based biosensors and their promise at the POC.

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“…A wide range of other stimuli‐responsive polymers have also been explored for sensor development . For example, the temperature‐dependent swelling and deswelling of PNIPAM has been used in photonic materials to create colorimetric temperature sensors . In addition, SIPs are also promising for sensor development due to their ability to afford amplification through depolymerization to multiple small molecules.…”

Section: Selected Developments In Smart Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections on the Evolution of Smart Polymers

Gillies

2019

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Since Staudinger's recognition that polymers were long chain molecules with covalent bonds between repeating units, the field has evolved tremendously. In addition to their many structural roles, polymers have been developed to exhibit “smart” stimuli‐responsive behavior. This article will describe the evolution of selected classes of smart polymers including those responsive to changes in pH, temperature, light, and mechanical stimuli, as well as self‐immolative polymers and their application in drug delivery, sensors, and actuators. It will also highlight key advancements in polymer chemistry that enabled rapid progress over the past ∼20 years. Whether the key achievements were predictable will be discussed, and the extent to which polymer science remains an independent science versus a service tool will be addressed. Finally, some possibilities for the evolution of the field over the next 20–30 years will be described.

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Photonic Multilayer Sensors from Photo‐Crosslinkable Polymer Films

Cited by 98 publications

References 34 publications

Strain-Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Zirconium Dioxide/Slide-Ring Elastomer Nanocomposites for Mechanochromic Sensing

Strain-Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Zirconium Dioxide/Slide-Ring Elastomer Nanocomposites for Mechanochromic Sensing

Photonic crystals: emerging biosensors and their promise for point-of-care applications

Reflections on the Evolution of Smart Polymers

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