Passive radiative
cooling is a cost-efficient and eco-friendly
approach to cool terrestrial objects by dissipating heat to the outer
space. Colored radiative cooling (CRC) has many advantages over conventional
passive radiative cooling and has garnered growing interest recently.
However, existing CRC films are normally opaque, where the incident
sunlight is either reflected for rendering color or absorbed to generate
waste heat. In this work, we design a transmissive CRC film that allows
a specific portion of light to pass through and provides more vivid
colors. Such a transmissive film achieves the coloration and cooling
dual-function by stacking a solar transparent selective emitter on
top of a nanocavity-based color filter. The top emitter is first designed
by using a mixed-integer memetic algorithm, where the layer materials,
their number sequence, and thicknesses are simultaneously optimized.
The variability in both material composition and layer thickness enables
the emitter with a near-ideal emissivity in the atmospheric windows
for subambient cooling, and an ultrahigh transmissivity in the solar
range for sunlight penetration. Then, the structures of bottom nanocavity
are determined by using a tandem neural network for on-demand color
generation. This machine learning-assisted inverse design approach
provides real-time structure prediction for on-demand colors and offers
great flexibility in balancing the cooling and coloring functionalities.
The proposed methodology can have special significance in broadening
the application of passive radiative coolers in energy-efficient buildings,
power-generating windows, and sustainable greenhouses.