Photonic crystal laser sources for chemical detection

Lončar, Marko; Scherer, Axel; Qiu, Yueming

doi:10.1063/1.1586781

Cited by 303 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…50,51 As compared to high-Q Fano states at the C point, [17][18][19][20][21]23 this state offers two unique advantages: (i) the angle at which it occurs is tunable; and (ii) the radiative Q of this state can be tuned to arbitrary values by using a non-perfect reflector or by weakly breaking one of the symmetry requirements. The enhanced lifetime, large surface area and strong localization of these surface states also suggest that they may find use in fluorescence enhancement, 52 spectroscopy, 53 sensing 54 and other applications where strong light-matter interaction is desired. The analysis we perform here with temporal coupled-mode theory treatment is general, and we believe that states similar to those reported in this paper may also be observed in more systems, possibly beyond optics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloch surface eigenstates within the radiation continuum

et al. 2013

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From detailed numerical calculations, we demonstrate that in simple photonic crystal structures, a discrete number of Bloch surface-localized eigenstates can exist inside the continuum of free-space modes. Coupling to the free space causes the surface modes to leak, but the forward and back-reflected leakage may interfere destructively to create a perfectly bound surface state with zero leakage. We perform analytical temporal coupled-mode theory analysis to show the generality of such phenomenon and its robustness from variations of system parameters. Periodicity, time-reversal invariance, two-fold rotational symmetry and a perfectly reflecting boundary are necessary for these unique states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloch surface eigenstates within the radiation continuum

et al. 2013

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“…Much larger shifts would be obtained using a nanocavity with the defect introduced by reducing the diameter of one hole. 10 But for strong coupling applications, the larger spacer and larger Q of the present design are essential, and the 5 nm scan range is still large enough to be very useful.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scanning a photonic crystal slab nanocavity by condensation of xenon

Mosor

Hendrickson

Richards

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

203

165

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Allowing xenon or nitrogen gas to condense onto a photonic crystal slab nanocavity maintained at 10-20 K results in shifts of the nanocavity mode wavelength by as much as 5 nm ͑Х4 meV͒. This occurs in spite of the fact that the mode defect is achieved by omitting three holes to form the spacer. This technique should be useful in changing the detuning between a single quantum dot transition and the nanocavity mode for cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments, such as mapping out a strong coupling anticrossing curve. Compared with temperature scanning, it has a much larger scan range and avoids phonon broadening. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2076435͔Radiative coupling between a single quantum dot ͑SQD͒ and a small volume cavity alters the emission properties of the coupled system. In the weak coupling regime, the spontaneous emission has a single emission frequency, and it irreversibly escapes from the cavity. The SQD radiative emission rate is enhanced by the Purcell factor F P =3 3 Q / ͑4 2 V͒ compared with the cavityless radiative emission rate ␥ 0 ; Q and V are the quality factor and volume of the cavity, respectively, and = 0 / n is the wavelength of the light in the material with refractive index n. The several single-photon-on-demand sources that have been reported operate in the weak coupling regime. [1][2][3][4][5] In the strong coupling regime, the Rabi frequency rate of exchange of the excitation between the SQD and the cavity, g = E vac / ប, exceeds both the photon escape rate and SQD dephasing rate ␥. In the formula for g, it is assumed that the SQD has dipole moment and is in the peak of the root-mean-square intracavity field E vac satisfying 0 n 2 ͉E vac ͉ 2 V = h /2; 0 is the permittivity of vacuum, and is the frequency of the cavity mode. The strong coupling makes the spontaneous emission reversible, i.e., a photon emitted by the excited SQD has a higher probability of being reabsorbed than escaping the cavity. For zero detuning between the SQD and the cavity mode, the coupled-system spontaneous emission can occur at either of two frequencies separated by 2g. If the coupled transition of the SQD is between excited state ͉e͘ and ground state ͉g͘ and the quantized field state with n photons in the cavity mode is denoted by ͉n͘, then the two coupled-system eigenstates can be written as ͉e0͘ ± ͉g1͘. Since neither eigenstate can be written as a product of a quantum dot ͑QD͒ state and a cavity state, each has entanglement-a basic ingredient of quantum information science. Recently, there have been three experimental claims of observing this vacuum Rabi splitting using for the nanocavity a micropillar, 6 a photonic crystal slab, 7 and a microdisk. 8 The photonic crystal slab nanocavity has the smallest mode volume, ͑0.3-1͒ 3 . Therefore, it will have the largest vacuum Rabi splitting 2g for a given SQD dipole moment, since E vac ϰ 1/ ͱ V.For many years, of a photonic crystal nanocavity has been larger than ␥; therefore, since =2 / Q, it has been g / ϰ Q / ͱ V that needed to be ...

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“…There are numerous applications for compact and low-loss microcavities, such as channel drop filters, 1 low-threshold lasers, 2 cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments, 3 optical switching, 4 and optical sensing. 5 The cavity design goals for these applications are high Q factors and small mode volumes. 6 Indeed, these two conditions can potentially give rise to a dramatic enhancement of light-matter interaction over a compact space, which is of particular relevance for optical switching and sensing.…”

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Microfluidic photonic crystal double heterostructures

Smith

Lee

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate postprocessed and reconfigurable photonic crystal double-heterostructure cavities via selective fluid infiltration. We experimentally investigate the microfluidic cavities via evanescent probing from a tapered fiber at telecommunication wavelengths. Fabry-Pérot fringes associated with modes of the induced cavity are in good agreement with the theory. We also demonstrate a cavity with quality factor Q=4300. Our defect-writing technique does not require nanometer-scale alterations in lattice geometry and may be undertaken at any time after photonic crystal waveguide fabrication.

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Photonic crystal laser sources for chemical detection

Cited by 303 publications

References 11 publications

Bloch surface eigenstates within the radiation continuum

Bloch surface eigenstates within the radiation continuum

Scanning a photonic crystal slab nanocavity by condensation of xenon

Microfluidic photonic crystal double heterostructures

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