Photonic crystal fiber mapping using Brillouin echoes distributed sensing

Abstract

Abstract:In this paper we investigate the effect of microstructure irregularities and applied strain on backward Brillouin scattering by comparing two photonic crystal fibers drawn with different parameters in order to minimize diameter and microstructure fluctuations. We fully characterize their Brillouin properties including the gain spectrum and the critical power. Using Brillouin echoes distributed sensing with a high spatial resolution of 30 cm we are able to map the Brillouin frequency shift along the fiber and get an accurate estimation of the microstructure longitudinal fluctuations. Our results reveal a clear-cut difference of longitudinal homogeneity between the two fibers. References and links1. E. P. Ippen, and R. H. Stolen, "Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 21(11), 539-541 (1972). 2. M. Niklès, L. Thévenaz, and P. A. Robert, "Simple distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin gain spectrum analysis," Opt. Lett. 21(10), 758-760 (1996). 3. L. Thévenaz, "Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives," Front.Optoelectron. China 3(1), 13-21 (2010). 4. L. Zou, X. Bao, and L. Chen, "Distributed Brillouin temperature sensing in photonic crystal fiber," Smart Mater.Struct. 14(3), S8 (2005

Multimode Brillouin scattering in a long tapered birefringent photonic crystal fiber

“…We can clearly see that there is almost a single resonance peak at 10.8 GHz which has a linewidth of 50 MHz (FWHM) in spontaneous regime, i.e., the input power is lower than the one used previously for an exponential growth of Brillouin signal. This linewidth is typically the same we can find in the litterature [8], [11]. A direct comparison of the experimental spectra shown in Figs.…”

“…In addition to the Brillouin gain broadening, we have also measured and compared the Brillouin threshold power P th for SBS between the tapered and untapered PCF [10], [11]. Without changing the experimental conditions, we found for the tapered PCF 28.9 dBm, whereas for the uniform PCF 26.7 dBm.…”

Phase matching in tellurite/ phospho-tellurite hybrid microstructured optical fiber

“…There are numbers of applications of FWM such as parametric amplification, wavelength conversion and oscillators [1][2][3][4][5]. In optical fiber FWM technique has been extensively studied because of their efficiency for the generation of new optical waves at varied frequencies.…”

“…In optical fiber FWM technique has been extensively studied because of their efficiency for the generation of new optical waves at varied frequencies. Recently, microstructured optical fiber (MOF) has aroused a lot of interest because of the possibility of dispersion tailoring for broader wavelength range and have immense potential applications in optical communications and optical parametric amplifications [1][2][3][4][5]. The optical fiber has passive participation during the FWM generation during the propagation of the optical signals.…”

Higher-order acoustic modes with Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer

“…For a 1 km-long fibre, the pulse frequency could be increased to 30 kHz, which would correspond to a sub-millisecond acquisition time. The SBS Stokes line, and higher-order modes are potentially sensitive to some fibre geometry fluctuation [11,12]. A high dynamic range simultaneously with a 1 ms acquisition and processing time could lead to new applications for distributed sensors.…”