Photonic crystal-based circulators with three and four ports for sub-terahertz region

Dmitriev, Victor; Portela, Gianni; Martins, Leno

doi:10.1007/s11107-016-0641-4

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Through the above discussion, it is evident that tellurium PhCs not only have a doubtless complete PBG but that the THz transmission line consisting of the two tellurium rod arrays also has excellent transmission efficiency above −0.368 dB. The designed THz waveguide with its unique function and high performance provides a promising approach for implementing fully polarized THz devices like circulators [34] and isolators [35] for future communication systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Highly Efficient Terahertz Waveguide Using Two-Dimensional Tellurium Photonic Crystals with Complete Photonic Bandgaps

Wang,

Feng,

Huang

et al. 2024

Crystals

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A novel, highly efficient terahertz fully polarized transmission line is designed by two-dimensional tellurium photonic crystals consisting of square lattice rod arrays with a complete photonic bandgap. The TE and TM photonic bandgaps of the tellurium photonic crystals, which are computed by plane wave expansion, happen to coincide, and the complete photonic bandgap covers from 2.894 to 3.025 THz. The function of the designed waveguide is simulated by the finite element method, and the transmission characteristics are optimized by accurately adjusting its structural parameters. The transmission efficiency of the waveguide for TE mode achieves a peak value of −0.34 dB at a central frequency of 2.950 THz and keeps above −3 dB from 2.82 THz to 3.02 THz, obtaining a broad relative bandwidth of about 6.84 percent. The operating bandwidth of the tellurium photonic crystals’ waveguide for TM mode is narrower than that of TE mode, whose relative bandwidth is about 4.39 percent or around 2.936 THz above −5 dB. The designed terahertz photonic crystals’ waveguide can transmit both TE and TM waves, and not only can it be used as a high-efficiency transmission line, but it also provides a promising approach for implementing fully polarized THz devices for future 6G communication systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Highly Efficient Terahertz Waveguide Using Two-Dimensional Tellurium Photonic Crystals with Complete Photonic Bandgaps

Wang,

Feng,

Huang

et al. 2024

Crystals

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“…Photonic crystal (PhC) devices like circulators [ 1 , 2 ] and isolators [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] are indispensable in future communications systems, including 6G [ 6 ]. In recent years, PhC isolators have attracted much more attention due to their unique performance and integration prospects in microwave photon transceiver modules and optical electronic integrated circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Polarization Isolator Using Two-Dimensional Square Lattice Tellurium Rod Array

Wang,

Ai,

Gan

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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A novel terahertz polarization isolator using a two-dimensional square lattice tellurium rod array is numerically investigated at the interesting band of 0.22 THz in this short paper. The isolator is designed by inserting six hexagonal tellurium rods into a fully polarized photonic crystals waveguide with high efficiency of −0.34 dB. The TE and TM photonic band gaps of the 7 × 16 tellurium photonic crystals are computed based on the plane wave expansion method, which happen to coincide at the normalized frequency domain from 0.3859(a/λ) to 0.4033(a/λ), corresponding to the frequency domain from 0.2152 to 0.2249 THz. The operating bandwidth of the tellurium photonic crystals waveguide covers 0.2146 to 0.2247 THz, calculated by the finite element method. The six hexagonal tellurium rods with smaller circumradii of 0.16a serve to isolate transverse electric waves and turn a blind eye to transverse magnetic waves. The polarization isolation function and external characteristic curves of the envisaged structure are numerically simulated, which achieves the highest isolation of −33.49 dB at the central frequency of 0.2104 THz and the maximum reflection efficiency of 98.95 percent at the frequency of 0.2141 THz. The designed isolator with a unique function and high performance provides a promising approach for implementing fully polarized THz devices for future 6G communication systems.

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“…Circulators are a kind of nonreciprocal device that play an important role in optics and photonics. They can be used for protecting useful signals from harmful reflections, reducing the unwanted wave interferences; they can also be used for extracting feedback signals for detectors or monitors [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These works operated in TE polarization. Furthermore, several kinds of novel low-symmetry circulators were investigated by Jin and Dmitriev [ 20 , 21 ]. A very low splitting factor was used in their design, making their circulators feasible for the microwave or terahertz region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-Independent Circulator Based on Composite Rod of Ferrite and Plasma in Photonic Crystal Structure

Lin

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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We propose a type of polarization-independent circulator based on a composite rod of ferrite and plasma materials in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab. Only one composite rod was set at the center of the structure to provide circulation for both TE- and TM-polarized waves. Additionally, to improve the performance of the circulator, three additional rods were inserted to improve the coupling condition between the center magneto-optical microcavity and the corresponding waveguides. Finite element method was used to calculate the characteristics of the structure and the Nelder–Mead optimization method was employed to obtain the optimum parameters. The results show that a low insertion loss (~0.22 dB) and high isolation (~14 dB) can be achieved in our structure for waves of both TE and TM polarizations. The idea presented here may be useful for designing compact polarization devices in large-scale integrated photonic circuits.

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Photonic crystal-based circulators with three and four ports for sub-terahertz region

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Highly Efficient Terahertz Waveguide Using Two-Dimensional Tellurium Photonic Crystals with Complete Photonic Bandgaps

Highly Efficient Terahertz Waveguide Using Two-Dimensional Tellurium Photonic Crystals with Complete Photonic Bandgaps

Terahertz Polarization Isolator Using Two-Dimensional Square Lattice Tellurium Rod Array

Polarization-Independent Circulator Based on Composite Rod of Ferrite and Plasma in Photonic Crystal Structure

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