Photonic crystal based biosensors: an overview

Gowdhami, D.; Balaji, V. R.; Murugan, M.; Robinson, S.; Hegde, Gopalkrishna

doi:10.1007/s41683-022-00092-x

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The mode coupling theory, applicable to sensors like surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and grating sensors, is employed to calculate the resultant change in the effective refractive index [7][8][9]. This calculation method extends to devices such as microring resonators (MRRs) [10,11], Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) [12], multimode interferences (MMIs) [13,14], fiber Bragg gratings [15], photonic crystals [16], and other differential interferometers [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Waveguide-Based Sensors with Enhanced Evanescent Field: Unveiling the Dynamic Interaction with the Ambient Medium for Biosensing and Gas-Sensing Applications—A Review

Butt

2024

Photonics

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Photonic sensors utilize light–matter interaction to detect physical parameters accurately and efficiently. They exploit the interaction between photons and matter, with light propagating through an optical waveguide, creating an evanescent field beyond its surface. This field interacts with the surrounding medium, enabling the sensitive detection of changes in the refractive index or nearby substances. By modulating light properties like intensity, wavelength, or phase, these sensors detect target substances or environmental changes. Advancements in this technology enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and miniaturization, making photonic sensors invaluable across industries. Their ability to facilitate sensitive, non-intrusive, and remote monitoring fosters the development of smart, connected systems. This overview delves into the material platforms and waveguide structures crucial for developing highly sensitive photonic devices tailored for gas and biosensing applications. It is emphasized that both the material platform and waveguide geometry significantly impact the sensitivity of these devices. For instance, utilizing a slot waveguide geometry on silicon-on-insulator substrates not only enhances sensitivity but also reduces the device’s footprint. This configuration proves particularly promising for applications in biosensing and gas sensing due to its superior performance characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Waveguide-Based Sensors with Enhanced Evanescent Field: Unveiling the Dynamic Interaction with the Ambient Medium for Biosensing and Gas-Sensing Applications—A Review

Butt

2024

Photonics

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“…Biosensing has rapidly advanced over the last few decades due to applications in various disciplines such as health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food quality [2] . A biosensor is an analytical device that consists of a biosensing recognition element to detect the analyte, a transducer that translates or converts the biological information into a detectable signal, and a signal processing unit that processes the signal into a readable outcome [3][4][5][6] . Biosensors can be easily miniaturised for applications at point-of-care (POC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, this means if the radiation with a wavelength inside the PBG is incident on the PhC it experiences a strong reflection from the PhC, hence a PhC can act as an optical filter [7,11] . This can be designed in one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), or threedimensional (3-D) depending on the number of directions with a periodic repetition [3,4,12,13] . The 1-D PhCs also known as dielectric mirrors or Bragg mirrors are simple multilayer stacks commonly used as biosensors [3,4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be designed in one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), or threedimensional (3-D) depending on the number of directions with a periodic repetition [3,4,12,13] . The 1-D PhCs also known as dielectric mirrors or Bragg mirrors are simple multilayer stacks commonly used as biosensors [3,4] . In this work, a 1-D PhC surface was modified and used as the biosensor chip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic crystal-based biosensor chip development for TB diagnosis

Maphanga

Ombinda‐Lemboumba

Ismail

et al. 2023

Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXIII: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's largest infectious diseases. It causes high mortality in humans and leads to about three million deaths worldwide annually, hence early detection is crucial, especially in a point-of-care (POC) setting to prevent the spreading of the pathogen by undiagnosed individuals. In the current work, a photonic crystal (PhC)-based optical biosensor chip was developed for diagnosing TB using mycolic acid TB antigen as a biorecognition element to capture anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies. Mycolic acid was successfully immobilized on the PhC biosensor chip to react with anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody, and the white light-based transmission setup was used for optical biosensing to monitor biomolecular interactions between the antigen and antibody. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) before and after bioconjugation with goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L secondary antibody were characterised using ultravioletvisible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Bioconjugated AuNPs were subsequently bound to the biosensing surface to enhance the detection signal of biomolecular binding events. The biosensing surface was further characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of biomolecular binding events on the biosensing surface was achieved using a custom-built PhC optical biosensing setup which successfully distinguished between experiment and control samples. From our findings, it was realised for the first time that mycolic acid antigen could be immobilised on a biosensing surface to capture anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies. From this result, it was concluded that the PhC optical biosensing technique was successful in detecting small refractive index changes on the biosensing surface for the diagnosis of TB. These results pave the way for the development of a photonics-based POC diagnostic device for TB.

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“…Most previous research on photonic crystal cavities is based on two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals for sensors [8,9], while significant work on cavity field enhancement has been performed with a view to coupling with single emitters [10]. In this and previous works, we have focused our research on 3D photonic crystals, where we have shown partial photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in polymer photonic crystals that were fabricated using direct laser writing, exploiting two-photon polymerization (2PP)-based 3D lithography [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongly Confining Light with Air-Mode Cavities in Inverse Rod-Connected Diamond Photonic Crystals

Taverne

Rarity

2022

Crystals

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Three-dimensional dielectric optical crystals with a high index show a complete photonic bandgap (PBG), blocking light propagation in all directions. We show that this bandgap can be used to trap light in low-index defect cavities, leading to strongly enhanced local fields. We compute the band structure and optimize the bandgap of an inverse 3D rod-connected diamond (RCD) structure, using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method. Selecting a structure with wide bandgap parameters, we then add air defects at the center of one of the high-index rods of the crystal and study the resulting cavity modes by exciting them with a broadband dipole source, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Various defect shapes were studied and showed extremely small normalized mode volumes (Veff) with long cavity storage times (quality factor Q). For an air-filled spherical cavity of radius 0.1 unit-cell, a record small-cavity mode volume of Veff~2.2 × 10−3 cubic wavelengths was obtained with Q~3.5 × 106.

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Photonic crystal based biosensors: an overview

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Dielectric Waveguide-Based Sensors with Enhanced Evanescent Field: Unveiling the Dynamic Interaction with the Ambient Medium for Biosensing and Gas-Sensing Applications—A Review

Dielectric Waveguide-Based Sensors with Enhanced Evanescent Field: Unveiling the Dynamic Interaction with the Ambient Medium for Biosensing and Gas-Sensing Applications—A Review

Photonic crystal-based biosensor chip development for TB diagnosis

Strongly Confining Light with Air-Mode Cavities in Inverse Rod-Connected Diamond Photonic Crystals

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