Photon statistics without counting photons

Rossi, A. R.; Olivares, Stefano; Paris, Matteo G. A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.70.055801

Cited by 65 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has the advantage of being experimentally accessible since the photon number distribution, and in particular the probabilities needed to calculate B(1), may be reliably measured even by an on/off detector [40]. On the other hand, this quantity does not appear suitable for superpositions of states with large separations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It takes the form of an inequality involving terms from the photon number distribution of the mode under investigation. Since photon number distributions may be effectively reconstructed [39,40] and in some cases also directly measured [41,42], this method has a clear experimental advantage. Klyshko showed that an equivalence between a phase-averaged P function,…”

Section: E Klyshko Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite-time quantum-to-classical transition for a Schrödinger-cat state

et al. 2011

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The transition from quantum to classical, in the case of a quantum harmonic oscillator, is typically identified with the transition from a quantum superposition of macroscopically distinguishable states, such as the Schrödinger-cat state, into the corresponding statistical mixture. This transition is commonly characterized by the asymptotic loss of the interference term in the Wigner representation of the cat state. In this paper we show that the quantum-to-classical transition has different dynamical features depending on the measure for nonclassicality used. Measures based on an operatorial definition have well defined physical meaning and allow a deeper understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition. Our analysis shows that, for most nonclassicality measures, the Schrödinger-cat state becomes classical after a finite time. Moreover, our results challenge the prevailing idea that more macroscopic states are more susceptible to decoherence in the sense that the transition from quantum to classical occurs faster. Since nonclassicality is a prerequisite for entanglement generation our results also bridge the gap between decoherence, which is lost only asymptotically, and entanglement, which may show a sudden death. In fact, whereas the loss of coherences still remains asymptotic, we emphasize that the transition from quantum to classical can indeed occur at a finite time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Klyshko Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-time quantum-to-classical transition for a Schrödinger-cat state

et al. 2011

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“…The criterion, which is only sufficient for nonclassicality, may be seen as a generalization of the customary condition on the Fano factor of the distribution and states that the state ρ is nonclassical if there exists an integer n such that where p(n) = n|ρ(t)|n is the photon-number probability of the state ρ. Analogously to the Vogel criterion, this nonclassicality evidence is of interest since it is experimentally friendly, being based on the photon distribution, which may be obtained by photon counting or by on-off detectors [92,93].…”

Section: Klyshko Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse and revival of quantum coherence for a harmonic oscillator interacting with a classical fluctuating environment

et al. 2015

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We address the dynamics of nonclassicality for a quantum system interacting with a noisy fluctuating environment described by a classical stochastic field. As a paradigmatic example, we consider a harmonic oscillator initially prepared in a maximally nonclassical state, e.g., a Fock number state or a Schrödinger-cat-like state, and then coupled to either a resonant or a nonresonant external field. Stochastic modeling allows us to describe the decoherence dynamics without resorting to approximated quantum master equations and to introduce non-Markovian effects in a controlled way. A detailed comparison among different nonclassicality criteria and a thorough analysis of the decoherence time reveal a rich phenomenology whose main features may be summarized as follows: (i) Classical memory effects increase the survival time of quantum coherence and (ii) a detuning between the natural frequency of the system and the central frequency of the classical field induces revivals of quantum coherence.

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“…The effects of losses in on-off detection can be represented by a two-component positive-operator-valued measureΠ 0 = n (1 − η) n |n n| (no click) andΠ 1 = 1 −Π 0 (click), where η is the detection efficiency [44,45]. To describe the efficiency of the single-photon source, we adopt a simple model in which an incoherent mixture of the vacuum component is added: p|1 1| + (1 − p)|0 0|.…”

Section: Robustness Against Imperfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon quantum nonlocality: Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality using feasible measurement setups

et al. 2017

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We investigate quantum nonlocality of a single-photon entangled state under feasible measurement techniques consisting of on-off and homodyne detections along with unitary operations of displacement and squeezing. We test for a potential violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, in which each of the bipartite party has a freedom to choose between 2 measurement settings, each measurement yielding a binary outcome. We find that single-photon quantum nonlocality can be detected when two or less of the 4 total measurements are carried out by homodyne detection. The largest violation of the CHSH inequality is obtained when all four measurements are squeezed-and-displaced on-off detections. We test robustness of violations against imperfections in on-off detectors and single-photon sources, finding that the squeezed-and-displaced measurement schemes perform better than the displacement-only measurement schemes.

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Photon statistics without counting photons

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

Finite-time quantum-to-classical transition for a Schrödinger-cat state

Finite-time quantum-to-classical transition for a Schrödinger-cat state

Collapse and revival of quantum coherence for a harmonic oscillator interacting with a classical fluctuating environment

Single-photon quantum nonlocality: Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality using feasible measurement setups

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