Photon-Photon Entanglement with a Single Trapped Atom

Weber, Bernhard; Specht, Holger P.; Müller, Tobias; Bochmann, Jörg; Mücke, Martin; Moehring, D. L.; Rempe, Gerhard

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.030501

Cited by 111 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To determine F ent , we produce atom-photon entanglement and subsequently map the atomic state onto a second photon [15,16]. Polarization analysis of the resulting two-photon state in three mutually unbiased bases yields an overlap with the maximally entangled |Ψ − Bell state of F ent = 89 %.…”

Section: Teleportation Fidelitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We eliminate this obstacle by trapping two remote single atoms each in an optical cavity. This allows for an in principle deterministic creation of atom-photon entanglement and atom-to-photon state mapping using a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (vSTI-RAP) technique [14][15][16]. To teleport the stationary qubit at the sender atom, encoded in two Zeeman states of the atomic ground-state manifold, we map it onto a photonic qubit and perform a Bell-state measurement (BSM) between this photon and that of an entangled atom-photon state originating from the receiver atom [17,18].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…At node B, entanglement is created locally between the spin state of the atom and the polarization of a photon C using a vSTIRAP [15,16] [ Fig. 1(a)].…”

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Efficient Teleportation Between Remote Single-Atom Quantum Memories

et al. 2013

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We demonstrate teleportation of quantum bits between two single atoms in distant laboratories. Using a time-resolved photonic Bell-state measurement, we achieve a teleportation fidelity of (88.0± 1.5) %, largely determined by our entanglement fidelity. The low photon collection efficiency in free space is overcome by trapping each atom in an optical cavity. The resulting success probability of 0.1 % is almost 5 orders of magnitude larger than in previous experiments with remote material qubits. It is mainly limited by photon propagation and detection losses and can be enhanced with a cavity-based deterministic Bell-state measurement.The faithful transfer of quantum information between distant memories that form the nodes of a quantum network is a major goal in applied quantum science [1]. One way to achieve this is via direct transfer, e.g., by the coherent exchange of a single photon [2]. Over large distances, however, the inevitable losses in any quantum channel render this scenario unrealistic, as its efficiency decreases exponentially with the distance between the network nodes. For any classical information, the solution is simple: It can be amplified at intermediate nodes of the network. It can also be copied before transmission, allowing for a new transmission attempt should the previous one have failed. For a quantum state, the no-cloning theorem states that this is impossible. Therefore, quantum repeater schemes have been proposed to establish long-distance entanglement using photons and memories [3,4]. This entanglement can then be used as a resource for the transfer of quantum information via teleportation [5].The underlying principle of teleportation was first realized with photonic qubits [6][7][8] and since then has been exploited in many experiments [9,10]. Teleportation between matter qubits was first achieved with trapped ions [11,12], albeit over a distance limited to a few micrometers owing to the short-range Coulomb interaction. Teleportation between distant material qubits, however, requires photons distributing entanglement, as was demonstrated with two single ions separated by about 1 m [13]. The low photon-collection efficiency in free space, however, prevents scaling of that approach to larger networks. We eliminate this obstacle by trapping two remote single atoms each in an optical cavity. This allows for an in principle deterministic creation of atom-photon entanglement and atom-to-photon state mapping using a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (vSTI-RAP) technique [14][15][16]. To teleport the stationary qubit at the sender atom, encoded in two Zeeman states of the atomic ground-state manifold, we map it onto a photonic qubit and perform a Bell-state measurement (BSM) between this photon and that of an entangled atom-photon state originating from the receiver atom [17,18]. Compared to realizations with atoms in free space, the use of cavities boosts the overall efficiency by almost 5 orders of magnitude [13].In our experiment, single 87 Rb atoms trapped in highfinesse optical ...

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Section: Teleportation Fidelitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Teleportation Between Remote Single-Atom Quantum Memories

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“…The combined fidelity of the complete protocol can be quantified by performing polarization measurements on the two photons emitted one after the other. Large violations of a Bell inequality are observed, thus proving the entanglement of photons that have never overlapped with each other, neither in space nor in time [20].…”

Section: Light-matter Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum optics and cavity QED Quantum network with individual atoms and photons

Rempe

2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Quantum physics allows a new approach to information processing. A grand challenge is the realization of a quantum network for long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum simulation. This paper highlights a first implementation of an elementary quantum network with two fibre-linked high-finesse optical resonators, each containing a single quasi-permanently trapped atom as a stationary quantum node. Reversible quantum state transfer between the two atoms and entanglement of the two atoms are achieved by the controlled exchange of a time-symmetric single photon. This approach to quantum networking is efficient and offers a clear perspective for scalability. It allows for arbitrary topologies and features controlled connectivity as well as, in principle, infinite-range interactions. Our system constitutes the largest man-made material quantum system to date and is an ideal test bed for fundamental investigations, e.g. quantum non-locality.

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“…† Current address: Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Austria ‡ Current address: Dipartamento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, Italy With deterministic atom-light interaction in cavities, important results have been achieved such as single- [25,26,27,28] and entangled-photon [29] creation and photon turnstile operation [30]. A prominent example for probabilistic operations is the experimental creation of remote atom-atom entanglement [17], and many more ideas exist including quantum repeaters [31] and alloptical quantum computing [32].…”

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Resonant interaction of a single atom with single photons from a down-conversion source

et al. 2010

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We observe the interaction of a single trapped calcium ion with single photons produced by a narrow-band, resonant down-conversion source [A. Haase et al., Opt. Lett. 34, 55 (2009)], employing a quantum jump scheme. Using the temperature dependence of the down-conversion spectrum and the tunability of the narrow source, absorption of the down-conversion photons is quantitatively characterized.PACS numbers: 42.50. Ct, 42.50.Ex, 03.67.Bg At the level of single particles, the quantum nature of light-matter interaction becomes manifest, and the absorption and emission of single photons by single atoms is one of the key physical processes on which quantum optics is built. Seminal examples of phenomena in this respect are photon anti-bunching [1,2], quantum jumps [3,4,5,6], Jaynes-Cummings dynamics [7], and atomphoton entanglement [8,9,10].At the same time, important applications of quantum optics, in particular in quantum optical information technology and in quantum metrology, are based on atom-photon interaction at the single particle level. The most precise clock is realized with a single laser-excited trapped ion [11], and strings of trapped ions have been shown to be promising systems for implementing quantum logical algorithms [12,13,14,15,16] as well as quantum networks [17].A key step in converting quantum optical phenomena into quantum technology tools is the control of the processes at all levels, i.e. of the atomic internal (electronic) and external (motional) state, and of the parameters of the photons, including their spatial and temporal shape, their polarization, and, ideally, their arrival times. Two major strategies may be distinguished how such control is obtained: on the one hand through deterministic operations, whereby typically photons are confined and controlled by high-finesse cavities, on the other hand through probabilistic operations, whereby some experimental signal indicates that the desired interaction process has occurred. Further approaches include collective effects in atomic samples [18,19,20] [33,34], two-and three-ion quantum gates [12,13,35,36], and multi-ion entanglement [14,15]. In terms of control of individual photons, spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources produce entangled photon pairs at high fidelities and rates [37,38], and serve as "heralded" single-photon sources [39].In this context we report the observation of interaction between a single atom and single photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. The atom in our experiment is a single 40 Ca + ion, trapped in a linear Paul trap and cooled by continuous laser excitation; the photons are produced by a SPDC source, described in more detail in Refs. [40,41], which is tuned to provide entangled photon pairs in the wavelength range of the 4D 3/2 − 4P 3/2 transition in Ca + . In the current experiment we measure the interaction of the single atom with one photon of the entangled pairs by observing quantum jumps, very similar to Dehmelt's proposal for spectroscopy on highly forbidden transi...

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Photon-Photon Entanglement with a Single Trapped Atom

Cited by 111 publications

References 33 publications

Efficient Teleportation Between Remote Single-Atom Quantum Memories

Efficient Teleportation Between Remote Single-Atom Quantum Memories

Quantum optics and cavity QED Quantum network with individual atoms and photons

Resonant interaction of a single atom with single photons from a down-conversion source

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